Montreal

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Department of Physical Chemistry, and Department of Biological Chemistry, The Fritz Haber Research Center, and the Wolfson Center for Applied Structural Biology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel Department de Physique, Department de Chimie, Universite de Montreal, Case Postale 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7 Peptor Ltd., Kiryat Weizmann 16, Rehovot 76326, Israel... 

Contact information Chemical Computing Group Inc. 1010 Sherbrooke Street, Suite 910 Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2R7 (514) 393-1055 http //www.chemcomp.com/ info chemcomp.com... 

Electrospray mass spectra of globins from the blood of (a) a child diagnosed as having the sickle-cell anemia trait and (b) of its mother. As well as the usual p-globin sickle-cell variant at m/z 15,837.2, a new variant (P-Montreal-Chori) appears at m/z 15,879.3 and is observed in both the child and the mother. 

Montreal Protocol Montreal protocol Montreal Protocol Montreal protocol Montroydite [24401-75-0]... 

In 1976 the United States banned the use of CFCs as aerosol propellants. No further steps were taken until 1987 when the United States and some 50 other countries adopted the Montreal Protocol, specifing a 50% reduction of fully halogenated CFCs by 1999. In 1990, an agreement was reached among 93 nations to accelerate the discontinuation of CFCs and completely eliminate production by the year 2000. The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments contain a phaseout schedule for CFCs, halons, carbon tetrachloride, and methylchloroform. Such steps should stop the iacrease of CFCs ia the atmosphere but, because of the long lifetimes, CFCs will remain ia the atmosphere for centuries. 

Material Safety Data Sheet C41, Trimethjhlpropane, Elake Celanese Canada Inc., Montreal, 1990. 

B. H. Lucas, ed.. Proceedings of the International S olvent Extraction Conference, 1977, Vols. 1—2, Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Montreal,... 

F. W. Moor, Molybdenum Compounds as Smoke Suppressants for Polyvinyl Chloride, Society of Plastics Engineers (SPE ANTEC), Montreal, Canada, 1977. 

R. J. Harper, Jr., and M. E. Demorais, "Durable-Press Flame Retardant Fabrics Based on the LHPOH—NH Precondinsate System," Hational Technical Conference, AATCC, Montreal, Canada, Oct 6—9, 1985, American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, Research Triangle Park,... 

J. J. Brennan and U. Leffler, Proceedings Canadian Food Technologists Conference, Montreal, May 1964. 

Economic Aspects. The estimated worldwide production of important industrial CFCs is shown in Table 5. Trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorodifluoromethane, and trichlorotrifluoroethane account for over 95% of the total production. Between 1986 and 1991 the production of CFCs has decreased dramatically due to global adherence to the provisions of the Montreal Protocol and eventually will be phased out entirely. Estimates of the distribution by use in 1986 and subsequent reductions in use are shown in Table 6. 

In April of 1991, the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration concluded that o2one depletion was occurring even faster than had been estimated, and at the third meeting of the patties to the Montreal Protocol in June of 1991, an eadiet phaseout of controlled substances was proposed. An assessment of the technical and economic consequences of a 1997 phaseout is cuttendy underway, and further acceleration of the phaseout schedule to as soon as 1995 seems likely. Many countnes already have undatetaHy banned or curbed the use of controlled substances well ahead of the Montreal Protocol timetable. As of eadyjuly 1992, there were 81 parties to the Protocol. 

Handbook for the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ocyone Eayer, 3rd ed.. Ozone Secretariat, United Nations Environmental Program, Nairobi, 1993. 

B. Y. Lao and R. E. Skochdopole, paper presented at 4th SPI International Cellular Plastics Conference, Montreal, Canada, Nov. 1976. 

H. V. Klapdor and co-workers. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Weak and Electromagnetic Interactions in Nuclei (WEIN 89), Montreal, Max Planck Institute fur Kernphysics, Heidelberg, Germany, 1989. 

B. Linnhoff and K. J. Carpenter, "Energy Conservation by Energy Analysis—The Quick and Simple Way," Second World Congress of Chemical Engineering, Montreal, Canada, 1981. 

M. L. Fots]mg,Nntidiuretic Hormone, Vol. 3, Eden Press, Montreal, Canada, 1978. 

Protocol on Substances that Deplete the O ne Eajer, United Nation Environment Programme, Fiaal Act, Montreal, Canada, Sept. 1987. 

C. H. Gelbert and H. E. Berkheimer, Paper C in Educational Symposium No. 18 on Eatex Technology, Rubber Division of the American Chemical Society, Montreal, Canada, 1987. 

B. J. Fergus, "The Distribution of Lignin in Wood as Determined by Ultraviolet Microscopy," Ph.D. thesis, McGill University, Montreal, Canada,... 

Canada Malting Co., Ltd. Calgary, Alberta Montreal, Quebec Thunder Bay, Ontario 400-600... 

Finally, nitromethane has been used in large quantities as a stabilizer for 1,1,1-trichloroethane. The use of this degreasing solvent is expected to decHne and disappear under the provisions of the Montreal Protocol (116), which bans ozone-depleting substances, of which this is one. 

Confirmation of the destmetion of ozone by chlorine and bromine from halofluorocarbons has led to international efforts to reduce emissions of ozone-destroying CPCs and Halons into the atmosphere. The 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer (150) (and its 1990 and 1992 revisions) calls for an end to the production of Halons in 1994 and CPCs, carbon tetrachloride, and methylchloroform byjanuary 1, 1996. In 1993, worldwide production of CPCs was reduced to 50% of 1986 levels of 1.13 x 10 and decreases in growth rates of CPC-11 and CPC-12 have been observed (151). 

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