Monsterizing

Eddy Currents ttike their name from the swirls (eddies) observed in turbulent water flow. The Greek mythology tells us about Charybdis. A monster eddy current between Italy and Sicily whose attractive field pulled unwary sailors to their destruction. Our kind of eddy currents are usually not so dangerous, they flow in electrical conductors and are a branch of Electromagnetics. Where does that spring from Could it make eddy currents the very oldest NDT technique ... 

Unwesen, n. disorder nuisance monster, unwesen ch, a. unessential, immaterial, accidental. 

A teratogen (the word is of Greek origin, meaning the induction of a monster) is a chemical, physical or viral factor causing birth defects. Exposure to teratogens can result in a wide range of structural abnormalities. 

Onager. An ancient weapon consisting of a slinglike catapult which threw stones from a bag or wooden bucket. It was so called after a mythylogical monster, Onager, which was said to throw stones at its pursuers with its feet Ref J. Quick, Dictionary of Weapons and Military Terms , McGraw-Hill, NY (1973), 334... 

Absorption of trichloroethylene in humans is very rapid upon inhalation exposure. Trichloroethylene has a blood/gas partition coefficient that is comparable to some other anesthetic gases (i.e., chloroform, diethylether, and methoxyfluorene), but it is much more lipophilic than these gases. As a consequence of these properties, the initial rate of uptake of inhaled trichloroethylene in humans is quite high, with the rate leveling off after a few hours of exposure (Fernandez et al. 1977). The absorbed dose is proportional to the inhaled trichloroethylene concentration, duration of exposure, and alveolar ventilation rate at a given inhaled air concentration (Astrand and Ovrum 1976). Several studies indicate that 37-64% of inhaled trichloroethylene is taken up from the lungs (Astrand and Ovrum 1976 Bartonicek 1962 Monster et al. 1976). 

Several studies of tissue distribution in humans after inhalation exposure to trichloroethylene report levels in the blood (Astrand and Ovrum 1976 Monster et al. 1976 Muller et al. 1974). Once in the bloodstream, trichloroethylene may be transported rapidly to various tissues where it will likely be metabolized. Trichloroethylene was detected in the blood of babies at birth after the mothers had received trichloroethylene anesthesia (Laham 1970), and detectable levels (concentrations not reported) have been found in the breast milk of mothers living in urban areas (Pellizzari et al. 1982). Post-mortem analyses of human tissue from persons with unspecified exposure revealed detectable levels of trichloroethylene (<1-32 pg/kg wet tissue) in most organs (McConnell et al. 1975). The relative proportions varied among individuals, but the major sites of distribution appeared to be body fat and the liver. 

Inhaled doses of trichloroethylene are metabolized extensively in humans. The percentage of the dose metabolized has been reported to be between 40% and 75% of the retained dose (Bartonicek 1962 Ertle et al. 1972 Fernandez et al. 1977 Kimmerle and Eben 1973a, 1973b Monster et al. 1976, 1979 Muller et al. 1972, 1974, 1975 Nomiyama and Nomiyama 1971, 1974a, 1974b, 1977 Ogata etal. 1971 Satoetal. 

Following inhalation exposure to trichloroethylene in humans, the unmetabolized parent compound is exhaled, whereas its metabolites are primarily eliminated in the urine. Excretion of trichloroethylene in the bile apparently represents a minor pathway of elimination. Balance studies in humans have shown that following single or sequential daily exposures of 50-380 ppm trichloroethylene, 11% and 2% of the dose was eliminated unchanged and as trichloroethanol, respectively, in the lungs 58% was eliminated as urinary metabolites and approximately 30% was unaccounted for (Monster et al. 1976, 1979). Exhaled air contained notable concentrations of trichloroethylene 18 hours after exposure ended because of the relatively long half-life for elimination of trichloroethylene from the adipose tissue (i.e., 3.5-5 hours) compared to other tissues (Fernandez et al. 1977 Monster et al. 1979). 

The primary urinary metabolites of trichloroethylene in humans are trichloroethanol, trichloroethanol glucuronide, and TCA (Monster et al. 1979 Nomiyama and Nomiyama 1971 Sato et al. 1977). The halftime for renal elimination of trichloroethanol and trichloroethanol glucuronide has been determined in several studies to be approximately 10 hours following trichloroethylene exposure (Monster et al. 1979 Sato et al. 1977). The urinary excretion of TCA is much slower, and data from several studies indicate that the halftime of urinary TCA is approximately 52 hours because the metabolite is very tightly and extensively bound to plasma proteins (Monster et al. 1976 Sato et al. 1977). 

Storage. The primary storage area for trichloroethylene in the body is the adipose tissue, as would be expected based on the lipophilicity of the compound (Fernandez et al. 1977 Monster et al. 1979). 

Trichloroethylene is exhaled following inhalation and oral exposures (Dallas et al. 1991 Koizumi et al. 1986 Stewart et al. 1970), whereas metabolites are mainly excreted in the urine (Fernandez et al. 1977 Koizumi et al. 1986 Monster etal. 1979 Sato et al. 1977). Based on the knowledge of trichloroethylene metabolism and excretion, potential methods for reducing the body burden are presented. These methods have not been used in persons or animals exposed to trichloroethylene and should be researched further before being applied. 

Bioavailability from Environmental Media. Trichloroethylene can be absorbed following inhalation (Andersen et al. 1980 Astrand and Ovrum 1976 Bartonicek 1962 Dallas et al. 1991 Fernandez et al. 1977 Monster et al. 1976 Muller et al. 1974 Sato and Nakajima 1978), oral (DeFalque 1961 D Souza et al. 

Exhaled air Collected in Tedlar bag injected into GC GC/ECD (both trichloro- ethylene and trichloro- ethanol) 5 ppb (trichloroethylene) 2 ppb (trichloro-ethanol) NR Monster and Boersma 1975... 

Monster AC. 1988. Biological markers of solvent exposure. Arch Environ Health 43 90-93. 

Monster AC, Boersma G. 1975. Simultaneous determination of trichloroethylene and metabolites in blood and exhaled air by gas chromatography. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 35 155-163. 

Original citation Miniature chemical reactors will pave the way for the future. These reactors will cut today s monster chemical plants down to the size of a car, with huge financial and environmental gains [219],... 

Florescu, Radu. In search of Frankenstein exploring the myths behind Mary Shelley s monster. Boston (MA) New York Graphic Society, 1975 reprint, New York Robson Books/ Parkwest, 1996. xvi, 287 p... 

This is a rather labyrinthine possibility. It suggests that, like the serpentine body of the Loch Ness monster, which rises and falls above and below the water in drawings that you see of it, the effects of antidepressants might rise and fall below and above the threshold of clinical significance, depending on how severely depressed the person was to begin with. 

Until about 1660 A.D. all knowledge of the form, structure and life processes of plants and animals was narrowly restricted to what could be seen with the naked (or very feebly assisted) human eye. Microorganisms were merely fabulous monsters. Visual limitations... 

Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut der Westfitlischen Wilhelms-Universitat MOnster, Wilhelm-Klemm-StraBe 8, D-48149 Mtinster, Germany... 

A key characteristic of Nessie, the monster of Loch Ness, is that although one may be convinced to have accidentally spotted it in the past, whenever one tries to actually characterize the beast, it will categorically refuse to give any sign of existence. EPR spectroscopy has its own equivalent of Nessie, and its name is solid oxygen. Being uninformed of its apparently erratic behavior can easily cost you several months of your productive scientific life, so read on to be prepared for the inevitable encounter. 

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