Mono-butyl phosphate

Full details on the phosphorylation of water and alcohols by 4-nitrophenyl dihydrogen phosphate and the NfC H ) - and N(CH3) -salts of its mono- and dianion have been published 146>. Phosphoryl group transfer from the monoanion and dianion is thought to proceed via the monomeric POf ion. Addition of the sterically unhindered amine quinuclidine to an acetonitrile solution containing the phosphate monoanion and tert-butanol produces t-butyl phosphate at a faster rate than does the addition of the more hindered diisopropylethylamine. This nucleophilic catalysis of the phosphorylation reaction is also explained by the intermediacy of the POf ion. 

Benzyl phosphates are less readily attacked by nucleophiles than methyl phosphates and they are more stable towards acidolysis than rm-butyl phosphates Benzyl phosphates are often used in complex polyfunctional targets because they are easily removed by hydrogenolysis. An indication of the reduced reactivity of benzyl phosphates is given in Scheme 7.17.32 Reaction of the phospho-nate diester 17.1 with one equivalent of 1 4-diazabicyclo[2 2 2]octane (DABCO) in refluxing toluene afforded the mono-deprotected derivative 17.2 in quantitative yield. Quinuclidine can also be used as the nucleophile. Assisted cleavage of benzyl phosphates is exemplified by the deprotection of the Shikimic Acid derivative in Scheme 7.18 using bromotrimethylsilane.33 34... 

The use of mass spectrometry as a detector in g.l.c. has the advantage that isomeric materials with the same retention times may still be distinguished, e.g. a phosphate and phosphonate. Mono-, di-, and tri-butyl phosphates may be separated by g.l.c. after conversion of the acidic components into their silyl esters. A dual flame photometric detector has been described for the simultaneous determination of phosphorus-, sulphur-, and chlorine-containing compounds. The method is based on the measurement of the... 

Phosphatidylglycerol phosphate was synthesized by Bonsen and de Haas (1967). l,3-Di-iodo-2-0-tert-butylglycerol was reacted with the silver salt of l,2-diacyl-5 -glycerol-3-(mono benzyl) phosphate to produce the mono-condensation product. This was reacted with the silver salt of di-rm-butyl phosphate and then anionic debenzylation and treatment with hydrogen chloride yielded 3-5w-phos-phatidyl-1 -rac-glycero-3 -phosphate. 

Whyman, 1970 Chapman et al, 1971). Other surfactants such as Triton X-114 have also been investigated. Anderson and McClure (1973) report a formulation of Triton X-114 in xylene which will accept up to 30% (v/v) aqueous sample and provides up to 47% efficiency for tritium. Another scintillation cocktail dubbed "Plasmasol" is a mixture of xylene, Triton X-100 and mono- and di-butyl phosphate (Wiegman et al, 1975). As the name Plasmasol suggests, it was designed for use with aqueous solutions containing soluble protein and is especially suited for radioimmunoassay. 

Mixtures of a titanium complex of saturated diols, such as TYZOR OGT, and a titanium acylate, such as bis- -butyl-bis-caproic acid titanate, do not have a yellowing or discoloring effect on white inks used to print polyolefin surfaces (506). The complexes formed by the reaction of one or two moles of diethyl citrate with TYZOR TPT have an insignificant color on their own and do not generate color with phenol-based antioxidants (507). The complexes formed by the addition of a mixture of mono- and dialkyl phosphate esters to TYZOR TBT are also low color-generating, adhesion-promoting additives for use in printing polyolefin films (508). 

The preparation of malonic acid monoesters has been demonstrated using the microbial nitrilase activity of Corynebacterium nitrilophilus ATCC 21 419, Gordona terrae MA-1, or Rhodococcus rhodochrous ATCC 33 025 to hydrolyze methyl cyanoacetate, ethyl cyanoace-tate, M-propyl cyanoacetate, isopropyl cyanoacetate, M-butyl cyanoacetate, tertbutyl cyanoacetate, 2-ethylhexyl cyanoacetate, allyl cyanoacetate, and benzyl cyanoacetate [96]. By maintaining the concentration of nitrile in a reaction mixture at <5 wt%, significant inactivation of the nitrilase activity was avoided for example, a total of 25 g of M-propyl cyanoacetate was added in sequential 5g portions to a lOOmL suspension of Rhodococcus rhodochrous ATCC 33 025 cells (OD630 = 5.6) in 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) over 30h at 25 °C to produce mono-M-propyl malonate in 100% yield (Figure 8.17). 

Deoxy-a-D-ribosyl-l-phosphate 20, a key substrate in the preparation of 2 -deoxynucleosides, was stereoselectively prepared by crystallization-induced asymmetric transformation in the presence of an excess of ortho-phosphoric acid and tri( -butyl)amine under strictly anhydrous conditions (Scheme 2).7 Initial Sn2 displacement of Cl in ot-glycosyl chloride 16 by phosphoric acid resulted in a 1 1 a/p anomeric mixture of 17 and 18 due to the rapid anomerisation of the a-chloride in polar solvents. Under acidic conditions, in the presence of an excess of H3P04, an equilibration between the a and p anomers gradually changed in favour of the thermodynamically more stable a-counterpart. By selective crystallization of the mono tri( -butyl)ammonium salt of the a-phosphate from the mixture, the equilibrium could be shifted towards the desired a-D-ribosyl phosphate 18 (oc/p = 98.5 1.5), which was isolated as bis-cyclohexylammonium salt 19 and deprotected to furnish compound 20. 

Methyl vinyl ketone, see 2-Methyl-l, 3-butadiene Molinate sulfoxide, see Molinate Monobutyl phosphate, see Tributyl phosphate Monobutyl phthalate, see Benzyl butyl phthalate Mono-n-butyl phthalate, see Di-n-butyl phthalate Monobutyl phthalate, see Di-n-butyl phthalate Monochlorobenzidine, see 3,3 -Dichlorobenzidine Monochlorobiphenyl, see Chlorobenzene, PCB-1221, PCB-1254... 

The mechanism of U02 " extraction by monoalkyl phosphoric acid reagents appears to be a more complex process than for their dialkyl counterparts. This results from the polymerization of the monoalkyl phosphate in the organic phase and the hydration of the extracted uranyl species so that variable stoichiometries arise for the extractant/water/UO complex. The extraction of from sulfuric acid by mono-2,6,8-trimethylnonyl phosphoric acid (H2DDP) and mono-n-butyl phosphoric acid (H2MBP) as 0.05 M solutions in benzene was shown to follow equations (61) and (62) when an excess of extractant was present. When an excess of uranium was present, equations (63) and (64) applied where n, x, y and z were variable numbers which depended upon the extent of extractant polymerization and hydration of the extracted species. Synergistic effects may also be found with the monoalkyl phosphoric acid extractants and in one recent example the use of tri-n-octylphosphine ocxide (TOPO) as a synergist with H2MEHP allowed the extraction of U02 from phosphoric acid solutions. The uranium may be returned to the aqueous phase by contact with concentrated acid, which reverses the extraction process by protonation of the phosphate. 

Water sensitivity and solubihty can be conveniently regulated by the use of a combination of plasticizers. In hotmelts that are water sensitive, two groups of plasticizers are used in different proportions depending on required properties. Larger amounts of water soluble plasticizers such as polyethylene glycol mono- and di-laureates increase water sensitivity. Addition of larger amounts of water insoluble plasticizers, such as 2-ethyl-hexyl diphetyl phosphate or butyl benzyl phthalate, increases the hydrophobic properties of hotmelt. ... 

Some commercial products such as butyl and 2-ethylhexyl phosphates are marketed and applied as slightly water-soluble mixtures of mono- and diesters, that is, (R0)2P(0)0H and (R0)P(0) (0H)2, where R is typically "Bu, Am, 2-ethylhexyl, nonyl and so on. Mixtures of this kind have numerous uses as... 

Mono (2-aminoethyl) sulfate. See Amlnoethyl sulfate Monobasic sodium phosphate. See Sodium phosphate Monobutylamine Mono-n-butylamine. See n-Butylamine Monobutyl glycol ether. See Butoxyethanol Mono-t-butyl hydroquinone. See t-Butyl hydroquinone Monocalcium carbonate. See Calcium carbonate Monocalcium dihydrogen diphosphate. See Calcium dihydrogen pyrophosphate Calcium dihydrogen diphosphate Monocalcium orthophosphate monohydrate Monocalcium phosphate monohydrate. See Calcium phosphate monobasic monohydrate Monocaprin. See Glyceryl caprate... 

Monostearyl trimethyl ammonium chloride. See Steartrlmonlum chloride Monosteol. See Propylene glycol stearate Mono-tertiarybutylhydroquinone. Seet-Butyl hydroquinone Monotetradecylamine. See Myristamlne Monothloglycerol a-Monothloglycerol. See Thioglycerin Monothiuram. See Tetramethylthiuram monosulfide Monotridecyl phosphate. See Tridecyl phosphate Montan acid wax... 

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