Additives adhesion promoters

Additional adhesion promoters were tested on a silicon substrate. A 5.5 tm thick negative resist was employed and 75 fim deep moats were etched in the silicon using HN03-HF-acetic acid (8 4 3) at 10-15°C. Again, edge definition was examined by optical microscopy. 

Uses Stir-in additive, adhesion promoter tor coatings and inks to PP and other substrates primer for PP, selected plastics, and metals Properties Translucent vise, liq. xylene odor sol. in xylene, toluene insol. in alcohols, esters, ketones sp.gr. 0.955 (soln.), 1.04-1.09 (molded) vise. 80 cps b.p. 145 C flash pt. (TCC) 28 C hardness (Tukon) 2-4 knoops (molded) 40% solids in xylene Precaution Ramm. liq. 

Uses Binder for pharmaceutical direct compression and compacting binder for wet granulation in tablets, capsules, and granules film-former for tablet coatings and topical sprays lowers soften, pt. in cellulose films film coating additive adhesion promoter Regulatory JSPI, BP, DAB compliance Manuf/Distrib. BASF Blagden Spec. Chems. Ltd Trade Names Kollidon VA 64... 

Dow Coming 21 Additive adhesion promoter, alkyd resins... 

Additives. Because of their versatility, imparted via chemical modification, the appHcations of ethyleneimine encompass the entire additive sector. The addition of PEI to PVC plastisols increases the adhesion of the coatings by selective adsorption at the substrate surface (410). PEI derivatives are also used as adhesion promoters in paper coating (411). The adducts formed from fatty alcohol epoxides and PEI are used as dispersants and emulsifiers (412). They are able to control the viscosity of dispersions, and thus faciHtate transport in pipe systems (413). Eatty acid derivatives of PEI are even able to control the viscosity of pigment dispersions (414). The high nitrogen content of PEIs has a flame-retardant effect. This property is used, in combination with phosphoms compounds, for providing wood panels (415), ceUulose (416), or polymer blends (417,418) with a flame-retardant finish. 

Silicone Heat-Cured Rubber. Sihcone elastomers are made by vulcanising high molecular weight (>5 x 10 mol wt) linear polydimethylsiloxane polymer, often called gum. Fillers are used in these formulations to increase strength through reinforcement. Extending fillers and various additives, eg, antioxidants, adhesion promoters, and pigments, can be used to obtain certain properties (59,357,364). 

Mixtures of a titanium complex of saturated diols, such as TYZOR OGT, and a titanium acylate, such as bis- -butyl-bis-caproic acid titanate, do not have a yellowing or discoloring effect on white inks used to print polyolefin surfaces (506). The complexes formed by the reaction of one or two moles of diethyl citrate with TYZOR TPT have an insignificant color on their own and do not generate color with phenol-based antioxidants (507). The complexes formed by the addition of a mixture of mono- and dialkyl phosphate esters to TYZOR TBT are also low color-generating, adhesion-promoting additives for use in printing polyolefin films (508). 

Polyurethane sealant formulations use TDI or MDI prepolymers made from polyether polyols. The sealants contain 30—50% of the prepolymer the remainder consists of pigments, fiUers, plastici2ers, adhesion promoters, and other additives. The curing of the sealant is conducted with atmospheric moisture. One-component windshield sealants utili2e diethyl malonate-blocked MDI prepolymers (46). Several polyurethane hybrid systems, containing epoxies, siUcones, or polysulfide, are also used. 

Israelachvili and his colleagues have used the SEA to study the interactions between surface layers of surfactant and of other molecules representing functionalised polymer chains, adhesion promoters or additives. Typically a monolayer of the molecule concerned is deposited onto cleaved mica sheets. The values of surface energies obtained from the JKR equation (Eq. 18) throw some interesting light on the nature and roughness of surface layers in contact. 

Various additives and fillers may be employed. Calcium carbonate, talc, carbon black, titanium dioxide, and wollastonite are commonly used as fillers. Plasticizers are often utilized also. Plasticizers may reduce viscosity and may help adhesion to certain substrates. Thixotropes such as fumed silica, structured clays, precipitated silica, PVC powder, etc. can be added. Adhesion promoters, such as silane coupling agents, may also be used in the formulation [69]. 

Materials and additives that are chemically basic in nature have a detrimental effect on the curing of cationic-initiated epoxy systems. These substances can either stop the curing mechanism completely or produce under-cured polymers. Therefore such additives as amines or imides that are known to be adhesion promoters cannot be used in the EB-curable epoxy adhesive formulations. 

Proper reinforcement of rubber matrix using hllers can be achieved only if there exists adequate adhesion between the hller and the mbber. Rubber-mbber adhesion and rubber-hller adhesion both without and with adhesion promoters have been studied extensively [125-127]. Fiber-matrix adhesion in short fiber-rubber composites is always a field of extensive research. If the fibers are not bonded properly with the rubber matrix, fibers will shde past each other under tension deforming the matrix, thereby reducing the strength properties. In the case of short fiber-reinforced rubber composites, loads are not directly applied to the fibers, but are apphed to the matrix. To obtain a high-performance composite, the load must be effectively transferred to the fibers, which is possible only when the fiber-matrix interphase is sufficiently strong. In addition, the adhesion between the fiber and the matrix should be such that the failure occurs in the matrix rather than at the interphase [92]. 

Adhesion promoters Antifogging agents Antistatic agents Antiwear additives Coupbng agents... 

Adhesion promoters are used to achieve the optimum bond adhesion level. The basic unpromoted adhesion system is the RFK system. Addition of cobalt as a promoter to the resin system considerably boosts the adhesion level achieved. The type of salt used determines the cobalt level... 

Films of PATE were cast on copper plated circuit boards. Typical solutions contain from 8% to 17% PATTE solids and 0.02% Flourad FC 135 surfactant. No other additives, such as adhesion promoters, sensitizers, viscosity modifiers or stabilizers, were employed in the formulations. Films of 0.001 to 0.008 inches wet film thickness were cast on abrasively cleaned circuit boards and then oven dried for 5 minutes at 105 °C. Thus, in each case the... 

Most commercially available silicone elastomers, and especially those which polymerize by addition-cure, do not, or weakly, adhere to most surfaces. Adhesion promoters known as surface primers are available and are often used to adhere the silicone to the protected... 

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