Mono-Ammonium phosphate

An aqueous solution of mono ammonium phosphate [10361-65-6] reacts with MgO to form ammonium magnesium phosphate hexahydrate [15490-91-2], NH MgPO 6H20. Several other species of hydrated phosphates are created during this reaction which takes place quickly and produces compounds that have desirable properties as cementing agents. The hexahydrate is the most prevalent. Properties are given in Table 22. 

The most widely deployed industrial explosion suppressant is mono-ammonium phosphate powder (MAP). This suppressant has a wide range of effectiveness. However, it can prove to be a contaminant, necessitating stringent clean-down procedures after a suppressed explosion incident. This limitation is overcome by selecting a sodium... 

Solid phosphoric fertilizers are available as mono-ammonium phosphate, di-ammonium phosphate, triple superphosphate and single superphosphate additionally, high-grade liquid phosphoric acid is available. 

Ammonium Nitrate Calcium Ammonium Nitrate Ammonia - Direct Application Nitrogen Solutions Mono- Ammonium Phosphate/ Di-Ammonium Phosphate Other NP compounds NK / NPK compounds Others3 Total nitrogen... 

In the TVA granulation process, slurries of ammonium phosphates, with a deficit or excess of ammonia with respect to mono-ammonium phosphate, are produced by the reaction of ammonia with phosphoric acid. These slurries are granulated by adding the deficient quantities of acid or ammonia necessary for a stoichiometric product and recycling the fine fraction. The granulate is then dried in, for example, rotary dryers, a process which requires considerable energy. 

Non-granular (powdery) mono-ammonium phosphate is obtained in the Swift process by reacting liquid ammonia with phosphoric acid containing 50% P2O5 in an impeller-stirred reactor. The reaction products (finely divided monoammonium phosphate and steam, temperature ca. 126°C) are fed in at the top of a tower. The steam is driven out by a counter-current of air from below, the solid ammonium phosphate sinking to the bottom. The wet-process acid used in this process does not have to be deslimed beforehand. 

Diammonium phosphate, exploited In Germany, is another ammonium phosphate containing twice the ammonia of the monoammonium phosphate and is produced by treating mono ammonium phosphate liquor with additional ammonia. This material contains 23 per cent of ammonia and 47 per cent of phosphoric acid. 

From the southern industrial zone of Pancevo, through the wastewater canal, the Danube was loaded with large amounts of toxic materials 2001 of anunonia, 1,000 t of 1,2-dichlorethane (DCE), 70 t of 33% hydrochloric acid, 0.2 t of mercury, 401 of sodium hypochlorite and 851 of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Around 621 of crude oil and other derivatives burned for the most part or leaked into the canal (37,7001 of crude oil, 6,2001 of different types of petrol, 3501 of diesel fuel, 7,4801 of heating oil, 6,600 t of heavy vacuum oil, about 230 t of liquid petroleum gas, 80 t of benzene, 1,2001 of kerosene and 1,9001 of other derivatives and unspecified products mixed with several tenth tones of substances for fire extinction). After the bombing, undetermined amounts of ammonium nitrate and mono ammonium phosphate... 

Dry chemical agents currently used are a mixture of powders, primarily sodium bicarbonate (ordinary), potassium bicarbonate ( Purple K ), and mono-ammonium phosphate (multi-purpose).When applied to a fire, they cause extinguishment by smothering the fire process. They will not provide secure extinguishment of a flammable liquid spill or pool fire which can re-flash after it is initially suppressed if an ignition source is present (e.g., hot surface). Dry chemical is still very effective for extinguishment of three-dimensional flammable liquid or gas fires. It is non-conductive and therefore can be used on live electrical equipment. 

Ammonium phosphate is produced by reaction of ammonia with phosphoric acid resulting in the formation of the mono or di-basic salts ... 

The mono salt tends to produce needles while the di-basic salt results in crystals that are more granular. Ammonium phosphate finds application as a fertilizer. 

Minifos A process for making mono-ammonium and di-ammonium phosphates by reacting ammonia with phosphoric acid. Offered by Lurgi. 

Ammonium Phosphates. Although several ammonium phosphates can be prepared, only die mono- and the di-compounds are produced lor fertilizer use. In some processes, anhydrous ammonia is reacted with phosphoric acid, with the resultant slurry converted to solid form by drying. 

Ammonium phosphates were first recommended for flame retarding theater curtains by Gay-Lussac in 1821. Mono- and diammonium phosphates, or mixtures of the two, are widely used to impart flame resistance to a wide variety of cellulosic materials such as paper, cotton, and wood.21 These salts have proven to be highly efficient at relatively low costs of application. They are also very effective in preventing afterglow. However, flame-retardant formulations based on these salts are generally nondurable, because they are water soluble and, therefore, are easily susceptible to leaching out from the material matrix. 

Cotton Ammonium phosphates are the most effective FRs for cotton as first identified by Gay-Lussac in 1821 and still widely used. All phosphates on heating release phosphoric acid, which catalyses dehydration reactions of cellulose to yield char at the expense of volatiles formation reactions.50 However, ammonium phosphates like mono- or diammonium phosphates are water soluble, hence applicable as nondurable treatments only. Ammonium bromide can be used in combination with ammonium phosphates to provide some vapor-phase FR action. Other examples include borax and boric acid, ammonium sulfamate, and sulfates. These nondurable finishes are useful for disposable fabrics, insulation, wall boards, theatrical scenery, packaging material, paper, etc. Ammonium polyphosphates (APPs) are used in combination with urea to provide semidurable finishes and by curing at 160°C, when some phosphorylation can occur. Semidurable finishes are very useful for materials that may not need frequent washings, e.g., mattresses, drapes, upholstery, carpets, etc. Some commercial examples of semidurable finishes include Flammentin FMB (Thor Specialities), Pyrovatim PBS (Ciba, now marketed by Huntsman), etc.26... 

Ammonia in Multinutrient Fertilizers. All the ammonia-based fertilizers discussed thus far contain only one of the three major plant nutrients, namely nitrogen. Referring again to Fig. 24.8, one may see that ammonia is the source of fertilizer nitrogen also, either directly or via nitrogen solids or solutions, in multinutrient fertilizers. These are fertilizers that contain two or three of the major plant nutrients—nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Ammonium phosphates, both mono- and di-,... 

By starting with a purer phosphoric acid, ammonium salts may be obtained in a purer state. If ammonia gas is passed into 75 per cent, phosphoric acid a reaction takes place with great heat evolution, and on cooling acid ammonium phosphate, (NH4)H2P04, crystallises in the anhydrous state. Further saturation with ammonia yields a mixture of the mono- and di-ammonium salts, and on further addition of concentrated ammonia solution, or by carrying out the whole reaction in... 

Ammonium phosphates (mono- and di-ammonium phosphates) are particularly important in the USA. Table 2.1-6 gives the world production for ammonium phosphate fertilizers by region. 

It is more safe to carry out bleaching of acetate fibres with sodium chlorite than with hydrogen peroxide. Bleaching can be carried out with sodium chlorite (0.5-2 g/1) in presence of mono substituted ammonium phosphate (0.5-2 g/1) and non-ionic detergent at 70-80 C for 60-100 min. 

Ammonium phosphates will act as fire retardants when wood or fabrics are impregnated with them. On heating they evolve ammonia and phosphoric acid. The former retards combustion of the materials and the latter catalyses the charring of cellulose to carbon. The mono ammonium salt can be used in granular form in some types of fire extinguishers. 

Phosphoryl triamide, PO(NH2)3, can be made by the direct reaction of liquid ammonia with phosphoryl chloride (7.48), or with triphenyl phosphate (7.64). It forms colourless needles which are very soluble in water, but insoluble in most organic solvents. Prolonged heating results in transformation into polymeric material. Dilute acid hydrolysis or atmospheric moisture will yield mono-ammonium phosphoramidate, while with dilute NaOH, sodium phosphorodiamidate is formed (7.65)... 

Ammonium phosphate fertilisers have assumed a greatly increased importance in recent years and have now become the leading commercial product. Mixtures of the mono- and di-salt are obtained from direct reaction of ammonia with wet process phosphoric acid. Commercial production by this method started in the United States in 1917, and about half of the current world production of phosphoric acid is converted to ammonium salts. The tri-ammonium salt is not favoured in fertilisers because of the loss of ammonia on storage. 

There is an increasing number of industrially important gas-liquid reaction precipitation systems (see Kirk-Othmer, 1993), including the following Ammonium phosphate is produced by reaction of ammonia with phosphoric acid resulting in the formation of the mono or di-basic salts ... 

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