Phosphoric solid

Adpances in Solid State Phosphors, Solid State Euminescence, Aca demic Press, Inc., New York, 1993. 

Chapters 5 and 6 deal with the spectra of optically active centers. The term optically active center corresponds to a dopant ion and its environment (or to a color center), which produces absorption and/or emission bands that are different to those of the pure crystalline host. This is the case for a large variety of optical materials, such as phosphors, solid state lasers, and amplifiers. 

Montel, G., Bonel, G., Trombe, J.C., Heughebaert, J.C., and Rey, C. (1980) Progress dans le domaine de la chimie des composes phosphores solides a structure d apatite. Pure Appl. Chem., 52 (4), 973-987. 

The lanthanides (rare earths) have found use in regard to phosphors, solid state lasers (which are specialized phosphors) and Anti-Stokes phosphors. Indeed, if rare earths were not available, we would not have useful lasers,... 

Nazarov MV, Jeon DY, Kang JH, Popovici E-J, Muresan L-E, Zamoiyanskaya MV, Tsukerblat BS (2004) Luminescence properties of europium-terbium double activated calcium tungstate phosphor. Solid State Commun 131 307-311 Nazeri PP, Trzaskoma-Paulette PP, Bau D (1997) Synthesis and properties of cerium and titanium oxide thin coatings for corrosion protection of 304 stainless steel. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 10 317-331 NdFeB-info.com, 2015... 

Park HL, Kim HK, Chung CH (1988) Oxygen related luminescence center in CaS Bi phosphor. Solid State Commun 66 867... 

Park JY, Jung HC, Raju GSR, Moon BK, Jeong JH, Kim JH (2010) Tunable luminescence and energy transfer process between Tb and Eu in GYAG Bi, Tb, Eu phosphors. Solid State Sci 12 719... 

Phosphors Solid-state materials exhibiting luminescence. 

Phosphonic acid, H3PO3, often called just phosphorous acid , is prepared by the hydrolysis of phosphorus trichloride a stream of air containing phosphorus trichloride vapour is passed into ice-cold water, and crystals of the solid acid separate ... 

Tetraoxophosphoric acid is a colourless solid, very soluble in water an 85% solution is often used ("syrupy phosphoric acid ). It is tribasic. giving the ions ... 

A satisfactory bath suitable for temperatures up to about 250° may be prepared by mixing four parts by weight of 85 per cent, ortho-phosphoric acid and one part by weight of meta-phosphoric acid the mixed components should first be heated slowly to 260° and held at this temperature imtil evolution of steam and vapours has ceased. This bath is liquid at room temperatures. For temperatures up to 340°, a mixture of two parts of 85 per cent, ortho-phosphoric acid and one part of meta-phosphoric acid may be used this is solid (or very viscous) at about 20°. 

P-Cyanopyridine. Mix 25 g. of powdered nicotinamide with 30g. of phosphoric oxide in a 150 ml. distilling flask by shaking. Immerse the flask in an oil bath and arrange for distillation under a pressure of about 30 mm. Raise the temperature of the oil bath rapidly to 300°, then remove the oil bath and continue the heating with a free flame as long as a distillate is obtained. The nitrile crystallises on cooling to a snow-white solid. Redistil the solid at atmospheric pressure practically all of it passes over at 201° and crystallises completely on cooling. The yield of p-cyanopyridine, m.p. 49°, is 20 g. 

Solubility in syrupy phosphoric acid. This test should only be apphed if the compound is soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid. Place 3 0 ml. of 85 per cent, orthophosphoric acid in a dry test-tube and add 0 10 g. of a solid or 0 - 20 ml. of a Liquid. If the compound does not dissolve immediately, agitate for some time but do not boil. 

Sodium terbium borate is used in solid-state devices. The oxide has potential application as an activator for green phosphors used in color TV tubes. It can be used with Zr02 as a crystal stabilizer of fuel cells which operate at elevated temperature. Few other uses have been found. 

The weakly basic 2-aminothiazoles are most readily diazotized in concentrated solutions of oxygen containing acids such as sulfuric acid, 40 to 50% (322-326) fiuoroboric phosphoric acids (589) phosphoric acid (327, 328) and mixtures of phosphoric and nitric acid (74. 322, 323. 329-331). From strong acid solutions, solid diazonium salts can be isolated (34, 332. 333). 

AFC = all line fuel ceU MCFC = molten carbonate fuel ceU PAFC = phosphoric acid fuel ceU PEFC = polymer electrolyte fuel ceU and SOFC = solid oxide fuel ceU. 

Alkaline Polviiier Phosphoric acid Molten caii)onate Solid oxide KOH CFiCFp OCF,SOT H.PO, LFCO,-K,CO,. 36.3 353 47.3 92.3 127.3 90 80 200 650 1000 W -Atev Water Steaiii/water Ail- Air... 

Chemical Designations - Synonyms-. APO Phosphoric acid triethileneimide Triethylenephosphor-amide Tris (1-aziridinyl) phosphin oxide Chemical Formula-. (CH2CHiN)3PO or C HjjNjPO. Observable Characteristics - Physical State (as normally shipped)-. Solid Color. > ite Odor. Data not available. 

Phosphorous removal is most commonly done by chemical precipitation with iron or aluminum compounds, such as ferric chloride or alum (aluminum sulfate). The solids which are produced can be settled along with other sludges, depending on where in the treatment train the process takes place. "Lime", or... 

Of the many methods which have been published so far for the substitution of existing crowns, probably the most straightforward are Friedel-Crafts alkylation or acylation reactions. Cygan, Biernat and Chadzynski have reported the successful di-t-butylation of dibenzo-24-crown-8 using t-butanol as alkylating agent s . The crown was heated at 100° for 4 h in the presence of excess t-butanol and 85% phosphoric acid. The product was obtained as a crystalline (mp 52—74°) solid in 93% yield. The alkylated crowns are presumably a mixture of isomers substituted once in each ring as illustrated in Eq. (3.14). 

The corresponding phosphoryl and thiophos-phoryl pseudohalides are also known, i.e. P0(NC0)3, PS(NC0)3, etc. Preparations are by standard procedures such as those on the diagram for PCI3 (p. 497). As indicated there, P(CN)3 has also been made it is a highly reactive white crystalline solid mp 203° which reacts violently with water to give mainly phosphorous acid and HCN. 

Nonstoichiometric oxide phases are of great importance in semiconductor devices, in heterogeneous catalysis and in understanding photoelectric, thermoelectric, magnetic and diffusional properties of solids. They have been used in thermistors, photoelectric cells, rectifiers, transistors, phosphors, luminescent materials and computer components (ferrites, etc.). They are cmcially implicated in reactions at electrode surfaces, the performance of batteries, the tarnishing and corrosion of metals, and many other reactions of significance in catalysis. ... 

Current availability of individual lanthanides (plus Y and La) in a state of high purity and relatively low cost has stimulated research into potential new applications. These are mainly in the field of solid state chemistry and include solid oxide fuel cells, new phosphors and perhaps most significantly high temperature superconductors... 

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