Monitoring bacterial activity

Historically, respirometers have been used for wastewater biodegradability evaluation. More recently [52], a mobile on-line respirometer was proposed and tested for monitoring the activated sludge inhibition due to industrial discharges in a sewer network. A derived portable device called a Baroxymeter [53], based on monitoring the respiration of a bacterial culture by pressure measurements and using respiration inhibition as a toxicity alert, was proposed for the rapid detection of the toxicity effect of some toxic substances. 

Lactate is an important marker compound in many biomedical, food and beverage applications. Blood lactate is monitored in exercise control and sports medicine, and D-lactate is an indicator of bacterial activity in wine fermentation [59,60,63]. Lactate produced from anaerobic respiration of cattle muscle subsequent to slaughter has been investigated as an indicator of meat freshness [62],... 

Major Applications Display device, optical sensors, combustion gas detection system, inks, correction fluid,diapers,n toothpaste, identifying fresh and stale rice, food storage,i" determine glucose in dialysis solution, monitor metabolic activity of microorganisms, detect bacterial infection, psychoactive drugs, dental impression materially Safety/Toxicity No data available... 

Imaging/Labeling Applications Bacteria cells Biological/Medical Applications Cell viability assay cytotoxicity assay monitoring bacterial transport as a substrate for measuring esterases activity ... 

Potcntiomctric Biosensors Potentiometric electrodes for the analysis of molecules of biochemical importance can be constructed in a fashion similar to that used for gas-sensing electrodes. The most common class of potentiometric biosensors are the so-called enzyme electrodes, in which an enzyme is trapped or immobilized at the surface of an ion-selective electrode. Reaction of the analyte with the enzyme produces a product whose concentration is monitored by the ion-selective electrode. Potentiometric biosensors have also been designed around other biologically active species, including antibodies, bacterial particles, tissue, and hormone receptors. 

Bacteria indigenous to Cr(VI)-polluted areas are Cr(VI) tolerant and/or resistant and have been considered as potential candidates for bioremediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated sites.16 However, the ability of bacteria to reduce Cr(VI) to the less-toxic Cr(III) compounds may produce reactive intermediates (such as Cr(V), Cr(IV), radicals), which are known to be active genotoxins and are likely to be carcinogenic.17 Therefore, the formation and lifetimes of Cr(V) intermediates, produced via bacterial reduction of Cr(VI), need to be evaluated carefully if microorganisms are to be employed as a means for remediation of chromium-polluted subsurface environments. Similarly, Cr(V) accumulation should first be monitored when considering plants and algae as biosorption materials for the bioremediation in the event of chromium pollution.18... 

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