Molasses wood sugar

Food and feed yeast production employ several molds in [he family Cryplocvccaceae Candida ulilis, C. tropicalis. and C. japonica, which are cultrvated on plant wastes (wood sugars, molasses, stillage), and C. lipolytica, which converts hydrocarbons to yeast protein... 

Initially sugars were used extensively for the production of lA. However, using sugars as a carbon source is very expensive for industrial levels of production, which demand economically feasible substrates, such as starch, molasses, wood, or corn syrup hydrolyzates and other combinations (Klement et al., 2012 Klement and Biichs, 2013 Sieker et al., 2012). Nevertheless, beet or sugarcane molasses are the most commonly used carbon sources (Nubel and Ratajak, 1964), which are pretreated by ion exchange or ferrocyanide and subsequently used for fermentation (Bath and Schweiger, 1963). Apart from these, other varieties of... 

In the acid hydrolysis process (79—81), wood is treated with concentrated or dilute acid solution to produce a lignin-rich residue and a Hquor containing sugars, organic acids, furfural, and other chemicals. The process is adaptable to all species and all forms of wood waste. The Hquor can be concentrated to a molasses for animal feed (82), used as a substrate for fermentation to ethanol or yeast (82), or dehydrated to furfural and levulinic acid (83—86). Attempts have been made to obtain marketable products from the lignin residue (87) rather than using it as a fuel, but currently only carbohydrate-derived products appear practical. 

Although the hydrolysis of wood to produce simple sugars has not proved to be economically feasible, by-product sugars from sulfite pulping are used to produce ethanol and to feed yeast (107). Furthermore, a hemiceUulose molasses, obtained as a by-product in hardboard manufacture, can be used in catde feeds instead of blackstrap molasses (108). Furfural can be produced from a variety of wood processing byproducts, such as spent sulfite Hquor, bquors from the prehydrolysis of wood for kraft pulping, hardboard plants, and hardwood wastes (109). 

Corn Potatoes Sorghum Soybeans Apple pomace Jerusalem artichoke Guayule Beet molasses Sugar cane Wood Residues... 

From Beet Sugar Residues.— Another source for the manufacture of methyl alcohol is the residue from beet sugar manufacture known as vinasse. When beet sugar is refined the molasses from which all possible sugar has been crystallized is allowed to ferment and the liquid then distilled. The residue left from this distillation is then dry distilled and methyl alcohol is obtained just as from wood. 

Molasses Paraffin Peat Petroleum pitch Polyvinyl alcohol Potato starch Refined asphalts Resins (natural and synthetic) Rosin Sawdust Seaweed Slack wax Slaughterhouse refuse Straw (pulped) Sucrose Sugars Tanning liquors (tannic acid) Thermoplastic powders Vegetable pulp Water Wheat starch Wood pulp Water... 

Feed Preparation Ethanol can be produced from a wide range of feedstock. These include sugar-based (cane and beet molasses, cane juice), starch-based (corn, wheat, cassava, rice, barley) and cellulosic (crop residues, sugarcane bagasse, wood, municipal solid wastes) materials. Indian distilleries almost exclusively use sugarcane molasses. Overall, nearly 61% of the world ethanol production is from sugar crops (Berg, 2004). 

It has been claimed that the growth of chickens is promoted by the presence of cellulose in amounts from 5 to 15 % in complete but purified diets 71). Whether chickens have any ability to utilize cellulose, except through such microbiological activity as may occur in their alimentary tracts, has not been established. There is evidence that they can utilize sawmill wood waste when it is mixed with sugar molasses and fed in amounts up to 50% of the entire ration 72). There are numerous evidences that cattle, and to some extent other domestic animals, are able to utilize different sources of cellulose, especially when the sawdust or other product is mixed with molasses. 

Molasses is the thick brownish syrup by-product of the manufacture of cane or beet sugar from which part of the crystallizable sugar has been removed. However, molasses is also the by-product of several other industries. Citrus molasses is produced from the juice of citrus wastes. Wood molasses is a by-product of the manufacture of paper, fiber-board, and pure cellulose from wood it is an extract from the more soluble carbohydrates and minerals of the wood material. Starch molasses, Hydrol, is a by-product of the manufacture of dextrose (glucose) from starch derived from corn or grain sorghums in which the starch is hydrolyzed by use of enzymes and/or acid. Cane molasses and beet molasses are, by far, the most extensively used types of molasses. The different types of molasses are available in both liquid and dehydrated forms. 

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