Moisture and

This preparation is an example of the use of di-M-butyl ether as a solvent in the Grignard reaction. The advantages are it is comparatively inexpensive, it can be handled without excessive loss due to evaporation, simple distillation gives an ether free from moisture and alcohol, and the vapour does not form explosive mixtures with air. n-Butyl ether cannot, of course, be employed when the boiling point of the neutral reaction product is close to 140°. 

Chemical conversion processes can also be used for moisture and oxygen removal. These tend to be the same ones developed for the smaller point-of-use purifiers. Consequently there is Httle economy of scale and they are seldom able to be regenerated. 

Granulated polystyrene foam has been used as an additive ia lightweight cement or as a soil additive to retaia moisture and minimize compaction... 

Environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, moisture, and Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) or Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) can affect performance if insufficient care is exercised in designing the scale... 

Shipment, Stora.ge, ndPrices. Methyl vinyl ether is available in tank cars or cylinders, while the other vinyl ethers are available in tank cars, tank wagons, or dmms. Mild steel, stainless steel, and phenoHc-coated steel are suitable for shipment and storage. If protected from air, moisture, and acidic contamination, vinyl ethers are stable for years. United States bulk prices in 1991 for methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, and butyl vinyl ether were listed as about 5.78/kg, 6.28/kg, and 6.08/kg, respectively. 

Seed Priming Bioreactors. Seed priming is a new technique enabling seeds suspended in an osmotica to imbibe moisture and thus be... 

Dry chlorine has a great affinity for absorbing moisture, and wet chlorine is extremely corrosive, attacking most common materials except HasteUoy C, titanium, and tantalum. These metals are protected from attack by the acids formed by chlorine hydrolysis because of surface oxide films on the metal. Tantalum is the preferred constmction material for service with wet and dry chlorine. Wet chlorine gas is handled under pressure using fiberglass-reinforced plastics. Rubber-lined steel is suitable for wet chlorine gas handling up to 100°C. At low pressures and low temperatures PVC, chlorinated PVC, and reinforced polyester resins are also used. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), poly(vinyhdene fluoride) (PVDE), and... 

Industrial Hquid chlorine is routinely analy2ed for moisture, chlorine, other gaseous components, NCl, and mercury foUowing estabHshed procedures (10,79). Moisture and residue content in Hquid chlorine is determined by evaporation at 20°C foUowed by gravimetric measurement of the residue. Eree chlorine levels are estimated quantitatively by thiosulfate titration of iodine Hberated from addition of excess acidified potassium iodide to the gas mixture. 

The fluid plasticizer (solvent) consists of an energetic compound, eg, nitroglycerin, an inert carrier, and a stabilizer. The system is evacuated to remove volatiles, moisture, and air, and the plasticizer is then pressurized and passed slowly upward through the powder bed while the powder is held stationary by a pressure plate on the powder column. Casting solvent may also be added from the top of the mold. 

Pet foods are produced in canned, semimoist, and dry forms. Canned pet foods contain approximately 78 to 82% water and have a strong appeal to both pets and owners. Semimoist foods have moisture contents of 25 to 50%. Dry-type foods contain 10 to 12% moisture and supply about 90% of the nutrition consumed by dogs and 72% of the nutrition eaten by cats. 

Canned and Semimoist Foods. Canned and dry foods are nutritionally comparable on a moisture-free basis. Some canned foods are basically dry foods to which gravy, moisture, and flavor enhancers have been added. Almost all animals tend to prefer moist foods to dry, and canned foods are desirable for geriatric dogs and cats, particularly those having gum and dental deterioration. Canned foods can be gulped by dogs and consumed quickly by cats. 

Semimoist foods usually contain about 30% moisture and provide pets with a meat-like food. This meat-like appearance has been the primary basis for the popularity of semimoist pet foods. 

Attention must also be focused on the noncrystalline domains. Many important properties of fibers can be directly related to these noncrystalline or amorphous regions. For example, absorption of dyes, moisture, and other penetrants occurs in these regions. These penetrants are not expected to diffuse into the crystalline domains, although there may be adsorption on crystaUite surfaces. The extensibUity and resUience of fibers is also directly associated with the noncrystalline regions. 

Film and sheeting materials test methods have been standardized by ASTM, DIN, and others. As with all materials, the test specimens must be carefiiUy prepared and conditioned. Thin-film specimens are vulnerable to nicks and tears which mar the results. Moisture and temperature can affect some materials. Common test methods are Hsted in Table 1. 

Vacuum filters are usually simulated with a Buchner funnel test or filter leaf test (54). The measured parameters are cake weight, cake moisture, and filtration rate. Retention aids are usually evaluated using the Britt jar test, also called the Dynamic Drainage Jar, which simulates the shear conditions found on the paper machine and predicts performance (55). 

Foams prepared from phenol—formaldehyde and urea—formaldehyde resins are the only commercial foams that are significantly affected by water (22). Polyurethane foams exhibit a deterioration of properties when subjected to a combination of light, moisture, and heat aging polyester-based foam shows much less hydrolytic stabUity than polyether-based foam (50,199). 

In a variant of the horizontal form/fill/seal operation, the material, moving in a horizontal direction, is folded on itself vertically. Vertical sections of the two faces are heat-sealed to each other to form a pouch, which may then be filled. The pouch, usually made from film or paper bonded to aluminum foil plus a plastic laminant and heat sealant, is closed by a heat seal. This type of pouch gives high moisture and oxygen protection and is used for moisture-and flavor-sensitive condiments and beverage mixes. 

Most of the renewable carbon sources Hsted in Table 8 have carbon contents near this value. When adjusted for moisture and ash contents, it is seen that with the exception of the sludge sample, the carbon contents are slightly higher than that of cellulose, but span a relatively narrow range. 

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