Modifying fibers based

In addition to electrical uses, epoxy casting resins are utilized in the manufacture of tools, ie, contact and match molds, stretch blocks, vacuum-forrning tools, and foundry patterns, as weU as bench tops and kitchen sinks. Systems consist of a gel-coat formulation designed to form a thin coating over the pattern which provides a perfect reproduction of the pattern detail. This is backed by a heavily filled epoxy system which also incorporates fiber reinforcements to give the tool its strength. For moderate temperature service, a Hquid bisphenol A epoxy resin with an aHphatic amine is used. For higher temperature service, a modified system based on an epoxy phenol novolak and an aromatic diamine hardener may be used. 

Recently, Caster et al. described the surface modification of multifilament fibers such as nylon or Kevlar [70]. Coating techniques using preformed ROMP-based polymers and process contact metathesis polymerization (CMP), initially described by Grubbs et al. [71], were both used. The latter involves a procedure where the initiator is physisorbed onto the surface of a substrate and fed with a ROMP-active monomer that finally encapsulates the substrate. These modified fibers showed improved adhesion to natural rubber elastomers. 

Kim, D. H., Na, S. K., Park, J. S. (2003). Preparation and eharaeterization of modified stareh-based plastie film reinforeed with short pulp fiber. I. Struetural properties. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 88,2100-2107. 

It has been reported that the effectiveness of copolymerized DOPO-type monomers can be further improved if the alcohol-amine derivatives of DOPO, for example, Structure 5.11, are used rather than similar structures not containing nitrogen.30 Of the FR fibers based on P-containing comonomers, it has been found that those based on Structure 5.10 are more hydrolytically stable, presumably because the P-containing group is in a cyclic structure and also should the hydrolysis of the P-0 bond occur, it will not lead automatically to a marked reduction in molecular weight.31 All the P-modified PETs appear to be subject to both the vapor-and condensed-phase mechanisms of flame retardance, with the former predominating.32 33... 

The cross-linking nature of PMS, indicated in NMR and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, is potentially useful to modify PCS base ceramic precursors. In particular, utilization for ceramic fiber production has attracted considerable interest. The conventional organic fiber production process is composed of the various polymer blend techniques for controlling melt spinability, fiber morphology. 

Modified fiber-optic-based sensors can be used for sensing pollutants, explosives, drugs, pharmaceuticals, and miscellaneous organics (Yeh et al. 2006). Optical fibers coated with porous silica can be used to detect the presence of chlorinated hydrocarbons. Alternatively, these compounds can also be detected using fiber-optic-coupled surface plasmon resonance methods. Aromatic compounds were detected by evanescent wave absorption spectroscopy. Suitably modified fiber-optic array tips can be used to detect presence of explosive materials (Wolfbeis 2000). 

Ibach RE, Clemons CM. Biological resistance of polyethylene composites made with chemically modified fiber or flour. Proceedings of the 6th Pacific Rim Bio-based Composites Symposium and Workshop on the Chemical Modification of Cellulosics 2002 Nov 10-13 Portland, OR. Portland (OR) Oregon State University 2002. p 574. 

Surfactant Blowing agent Milled glass fiber Component B Modified isocyanate based upon MDI... 

Railway carriage interior components molded by RTM have been developed by Kobe Steel Europe with Transintech, UK, and Compin, France. A lightweight (5 kg) seat back shell with high static load and absorption capacity is molded in a modified acrylic resin (from Ashland) with a filler combination to achieve low fire, smoke and toxicity (FST) properties (which is easy to mold by RTM, with little effect on mechanical properties). A combination of glass fiber-based fabrics of 45° non-crimp (936 g/m ) with unidirectional reinforcement and continuous filament mat (450 g/m ) is used. 

Research to develop jute and kenaf fiber thermoplastic alloys is based on first thermoplasti-cizing the fiber matrix as described above, followed by grafting of the modified fiber with a reactive thermoplastic. This type of composite has the thermoplastic bonded onto the jute or kenaf so there is only one continuous phase in the molecule. This is done in one of two ways. In one case, the matrix is reacted with maleic anhydride that results in a double bond in the grafted reacted molecule. This can then be used in vinyl-type additions or in free radical polymerization to either build a thermoplastic polymer or graft one onto the jute or kenaf backbone. In the second method, the matrix is reacted with a bonded chemical and then reacted with a low-molecular-weight thermoplastic that has been grafted with side-chain anhydride groups. 

In their normal usage, textile structures are loaded-unloaded to levels well below their breaking tenacity. These deformations may be single or repeated excursions. In either case, it is of practical consequence to know whether (a) the fibers or the structures made therefrom recover partially or completely from the imposed deformation, and (b) to what extent are the subsequent load-deformation characteristics modified. Both these questions relate to the dimensional stability and effective long-term performance of the fiber based structures. 

Ko TH, Raman spectrum of modified PAN based carbon fibers during graphitization, 59(4), 577 580, 1996. 

Among various chemical treatments, alkali treatment with NaOH solution is often chosen to modify cellulose-based materials. Since NaOH reacts with -OH groups of cellulose and reduces hydrophilicity and impurities from cellulose fiber, it improves the compatibility between the cellulose and the polymer matrix. Consequently, significant improvement in the mechanical and morphological properties of composite such as MOE, MOR, compressive modulus, SEM morphology and XRD pattern are observed for the alkali-treated composite materials. Benzene diazonium salt is also an important chemical, which reacts with cellulose in fiber and produces 2,6-diazo cellulose by a coupling reaction. 

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