Model checking

A general approach was developed by G.E.P. Box and G.M. Jenkins (S) which combines these various methods into an analysis which permits choice of the most appropriate model, checks the forecast precision, and allows for interpretation. The Box-Jenkins analysis is an autoregressive integrated moving average model (ARIMA). This approach, as implemented in the MINITAB computer program is one used for the analyses reported here. 

Yovine, S. (1998) Model checking timed automata, in Embedded Systems, vol. 1494 of LNCS, Springer, Berlin, pp. 114-152. 

Melius Guiding and Cost-Optimality in Model Checking of Timed and Hybrid Systems. Dissertation, KU Nijmegen. 

You can solve this problem faster by selecting the Assume linear model check.box in the Solver ... 

C8 G10>=0 Number to ship must be greater than or equal toO. You can solve this problem faster by selecting the Assume linear model check box in the Solver Options dialog box before clicking Solve. A problem of this type has an optimum solution at which amounts to ship are integers, if all of the supply and demand constraints are integers. ... 

Find common aspects between types in your model. Check that the similarities are real— that the users use a concept covering them both. Construct a supertype, and redefine the source types as its subtypes. 

If Capture or PSpice has trouble finding a model, check the library path to see if the files listed in the library exist... 

Automated examination of scenarios can be taken still further using model checking. In model checking, the case explosion problem is transformed into one of state explosion, meaning that the time and space required to run the model checker grows rapidly and eventually becomes infeasible as the size of the model grows, so that abstraction, or consideration of only limited numbers of fault cases and real-time delays, must be employed. 

Beyond being fully-automatic, an additional attraction of model-checking tools is their ability to accompany a negative answer to the correctness query by a counterexample to the satisfaction of the specification in the system. Thus, together with a negative answer, the model checker returns some erroneous execution of the system. These counterexamples are very important and they can be essential in detecting subtle errors in complex designs. 

Usually, a mathematical model simulates a process behavior, in what can be termed a forward problem. The inverse problem is, given the experimental measurements of behavior, what is the structure A difficult problem, but an important one for the sciences. The inverse problem may be partitioned into the following stages hypothesis formulation, i.e., model specification, definition of the experiments, identifiability, parameter estimation, experiment, and analysis and model checking. Typically, from measured data, nonparametric indices are evaluated in order to reveal the basic features and mechanisms of the underlying processes. Then, based on this information, several structures are assayed for candidate parametric models. Nevertheless, in this book we look only into various aspects of the forward problem given the structure and the parameter values, how does the system behave ... 

Tip 3 do not only look at the 3D model - check the actual experimental information as well, the electron-density map. Electron-density maps... 

SCENES Air 6 x 18 x 45 Location Elements Time Center/scale Receptor modeling, checking source profiles... 

Abstraction Refinement for Large Scale Model Checking Chao Wang, Gary D. Hachtel, and Eabio Somenzi ISBN 978-0-387-28594-2... 

Select the thermodynamic models. Check model parameters. 

Refined model Validation Final model Check the model against stereochemical expectations, databases and experimental data... 

Two model-checking methods are common, and they are often applied to a "new" set of data. First, the residuals are analyzed for lack of correlation or "whiteness." White noise has the characteristic that all frequencies contained in it should be present in equal strength. The cumulative periodogram is the integral of a spectrum estimate therefore, for white noise, it should be the Integral of a constant or a linear ramp function. 

Alur, R., Courcouhetis, C., DiU, D. Model-checking for real-time systems. In Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE S3unposium on Logic in Computer Science, pp. 414—425 (1990)... 

Larsen, K. G., Pettersson, P., and Yi, W. (1995). Compositional and symboUc model-checking of real-time systems. In Proceedings of the 16th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium, pp. 76-87, IEEE Computer Society Press. 

Such peculiar feature of the solid state gives it the special role it has in the quantum theory and physical-chemical applications. Yet, one may also with this simplified model checking out some interesting consequences. 

Symbolic model checking 10 states and beyond. Information and Computationj 98(2) 142-170,1992. 

BM97] G. Barrett and A. Mclsaac. Model-checking in a microprocessor design project. In O. Grumberg, editor, Proc. 9 Inti Conference on Computer Aided Verification (CAV 97), Lect. Notes in Comp. Sci. Springer-Verlag, 1997. to appear. 

Table 1 Model-checking statistics with VIS running on an UltraSparc-1 with 512 MB memory...

Using the symbolic model-checking facility supported by VIS, we have model-checked to prove that the arbitration algorithm ensures at-most one bus driver at any time. During this experiment, property-specific reductions achieved considerable reduction in model-checking time. 

In another experiment, symbolic model-checking of the Runway arbitration algorithm exposed a possible misunderstanding in a timely fashion. Some members of the Avalanche design team believed that two signals named Client-op and Effective-Client-op were implied to be almost the same , by the documentation. We model-checked an invariant Client-Op = Effect ive-Client-op which revealed that this assumption was incorrect, generating a useful error-trace. 

Statistics pertaining to our model-checking experiments are summarized in Table 1. This table shows that the complexity of these protocols in terms of the number of gates, latches, and reachable states is well within the reach of today s symbolic model-checking tools. Also, the property-specific model reduction heuristic used in VIS proved to be of great value in reducing the model-checking time. 

HW94] Cherly Harkness and Elizabeth Wolf. Verifying the summit bus converter protocols with symbolic model checking. Formal Methods in System Design, 4(2) 83-98, 1994. 

McM93] Kenneth L. McMillan. Symbolic Model Checking. Kluwer Academic Press, 1993. 

The FSM model is the one on which formal equivalence verification between two designs, and symbolic model checking are performed. It requires the previous flattening of hierarchical descriptions, and the elimination of all non-memorizing internal signals the initial structure is thus lost. 

CTL fair model checking in the VIS environment on VHDL designs... 

Benchmaiking (comparison) between equivalence testing results and CTL model checking results on VHDL designs performed in Prevail, and the corresponding results obtained in VIS. 

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