Mitotic cells

Choi, T., Aoki, E, Mori, M., Yamashita, M., Nagahama, Y., and Kohmoto, K. (1991). Activation of p34nfc2 protein kinase activity in meiotic and mitotic cell cycles in mouse oocytes and embryos. Development 113 789-795. 

Based on the functional analysis of Cdkl and Cdk2 complexes, we have proposed a model for the conversion of the mitotic cell cycle into an endoreduplication cycle (Fig. 1A Edgar Lehner 1996). Accordingly, this cell cycle conversion is dependent on elimination of Cdkl activity and periodic activation of cyclin E/Cdk2. Cyclin E is required for endocycles and a pulse of ectopic cyclin E expression is sufficient to trigger endoreduplication. Cdk2... 

Switch from the meiotic to the mitotic cell cycle... 

The very beginning of the first mitotic cell cycle of the mouse embryo seems to be controlled by the mechanisms characteristic for both meiotic and mitotic cell cycles. Active MAP kinase, its substrate p90rsk and the CSF activity itself could influence the cellular processes within the one-cell embryo. Indeed, we have observed that despite the entry into the interphase (as judged by the low activity of MPF) some proteins are actively phosphorylated as during the meiotic M phase (e.g. 35 kDa complex Howlett et al 1986, Szollosi et al 1993), the nuclei and the microtubule interphase network start to form only 1.5 hours after activation (Szollosi et al 1993). This delay in the phenomena characteristic for the interphase could be linked to the mixed meiotic/mitotic character of this early period. This delay probably allows the correct transformation of the sperm nucleus into the male pronucleus. In species like Xenopus or Drosophila the transitional period between the meiotic and the mitotic cell cycle control is probably much shorter since it is proportional to duration of the short first cell cycle of these rapidly cleaving embryos. Mammalian embryos are perhaps the most suitable to study this transition because of the exceptionally long first embryonic cell cycle. 

Winston N J 1997 Stability of cyclin B protein during meiotic maturation and the first mitotic cell division in mouse oocytes. Biol Cell 89 211-219 Winston NJ, Maro B 1995 Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II is activated transiently in ethanol-stimulated mouse oocytes. Dev Biol 170 350-352 Winston NJ, Bourgain-Guglielmetti F, Ciemerych MA et al 2000 Early development of mouse embryos null mutant for the cyclin A2 gene occurs in the absence of maternally derived cyclin A2 gene products. Dev Biol 223 139-153... 

Teeners That is true. Most of what we are looking at here in the discs is growth in mitotic cells. Bristle size may mainly reflect post-mitotic growth. 

Nurse That is in mitotic cells. In meiotic cells, is there a role for Polo ... 

Boxem M, Srinivasan DG, van den Heuvel S 1999 The Caenorhabditis elegans gene ncc1 encodes a cdc2-related kinase required for M phase in meiotic and mitotic cell divisions, but not for S phase. Development 126 2227—2239... 

Nasmyth In budding yeast in meiosis there is G2 arrest, which never occurs in mitotic cells. 

Niethammer, P., Bastiaens, P. and Karsenti, E. (2004). Stathmin-tubulin interaction gradients in motile and mitotic cells. Science 303, 1862-6. 

Docetaxel -semisynthetic taxane stabilizes tubulin polymers leading to death of mitotic cells -bone marrow suppression -nausea and vomiting -mucocutaneous effects (mucositis, stomatitis, diarrhea) -hypersensitivity reactions -fluid retention syndrome -fatigue -myalgias -alopecia (universal)... 

Zinc normally aids wound healing in terrestrial invertebrates. Wounding of the optic tentacle, foot tissue, and partial shell removal in Helix aspersa, a terrestrial gastropod, resulted in deposition of zinc in the wound area after 2 to 5 days. Increased zinc in Helix wound areas may be necessary to promote protein synthesis, collagen formation, and mitotic cell division (Ireland 1986). 

Schmit A-C, Lambert A-M. Microinjected fluorescent phalloidin in vivo reveals the F-actin dynamics and assembly in higher plant mitotic cells. Plant Cell 1990 2 129-138. 

Figure 8. Localization of a nucleolar protein in FC regin. (a) Localization in mitotic cells. Green antigen, Red fibrillarin (DFC marker), (b) Localization on the metaphase chromosomes. Green antigen, Red DNA (PI). (Scale bars 10pm). (See Colour Plate 3.)...

Counterstain the DNA of the interphase and mitotic cells by immersing the slides in the propidium iodide counterstain for 5 min at room temperature. 

The mitogenic action of phytohemagglutinin on resting peripheral leukocytes is best seen about 72 h after addition of the mitogen. However, significant increases in mitotic cells can be seen at 48 h. 

The group at Millennium Pharmaceuticals has claimed MLN-8054 (97) to be the first kinase inhibitor selective for Aurora-A over Aurora-B, which gives robust inhibition of human tumor xenografts [228-230]. Treatment of cultured human tumor cells with 97 resulted in the accumulation of mitotic cells with spindle abnormalities, a phenotype consistent with selective Aurora-A inhibition. In a pharmacodynamic model the time-dependent accumulation of... 

Anti-alpha or beta-tubulin can also be used. Aurora-A provides the advantage of easier identification of mitotic cells and spindle structure since it only localizes on the mitotic spindle and centrosomes during mitosis and not to microtubules in general. Also, it allows visualization of both spindle structure and centrosomes with a single antibody. 

A positive result from a chromosome aberration assay (MNT, cytogenetic analysis or small colonies in MLA) suggests a second in vivo assay for clastogenesis or aneugenesis. Centromere staining of mitotic cells allows the distinction of aneugens and clastogens. 

Matthaus, C., Boydston-White, S., Miljkovic, M., Romeo, M., and Diem, M. 2006. Raman and infrared microspectral imaging of mitotic cells. Appl. Spectros. 60 1-8. 

Fig. 8 illustrates how increasing LET reduces the differences in radiosensitivity related to the position of the cells in the mitotic cycle [31]. Cells in stationary phase and in S phase are significantly more radio-resistant than mitotic cells. 

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