Spindle structure

Jensen KG, Onfelt A, Wallin M (1991b) Effects of organotin compounds on mitosis, spindle structure, toxicity and in vitro microtubule assembly. Mutagenesis, 6(5) 409-416. 

The siRNA screening is performed in duplicate in 96-well plates as shown in Fig. 1. The first replica is used for viability readout and the second for phenotypic readout where we look at spindle structure by using a high content screening platform. The small molecule library screening is also performed in duplicate with the first replica used for viability readout. In contrast to the siRNA... 

Anti-alpha or beta-tubulin can also be used. Aurora-A provides the advantage of easier identification of mitotic cells and spindle structure since it only localizes on the mitotic spindle and centrosomes during mitosis and not to microtubules in general. Also, it allows visualization of both spindle structure and centrosomes with a single antibody. 

Mechanism of Action An antifungal that inhibits fungal cell mifosis by disrupfing mitotic spindle structure. Therapeutic Effect Fungistatic. 

Holy JM. 2002. Curcumin disrupts mitotic spindle structure and induces micronuclea-tion in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Mutat Res 518 71-84. 

Tachibana A (2004) Spindle structure of the stress tensor of chemical bond. Int. J. Quant. Chem. 100 981-993... 

Summary and Conclusions. The following cytological and mechanical features yield a general explanation of both prometaphase and anaphase. Beyond this, they provide numerous tests for the adequacy of molecular hypotheses of force production and control. The conclusions not beyond dispute have been put in parentheses. Their justification, beyond that given above, is their consistency with one another in leading from spindle structure to forces and mechanical properties and to the explanation of the observed motions. Some entries on this list also appear on those of Mazia (1961, p. 285) and Forer (1969, pp. 572-573). 

Electronic tensile stress binds a pair of the electronic drop regions Rj s, where the compressive stress is predominant covalent bond visualization. Metallicity emerges as the long-range intrinsic electronic transition state associated with the spindle structure the long-range Lewis pair formation. ... 

FIG U RE 12.2 Spindle structure of the covalent bond and the long-range Lewis pair formation. 

Fig. 12. As-grown PCNTs with partially thickened spindle shape (a) and the proposed structural model for spindle particles including 12 pentagons in hexagon cage (b).

In addition to effects on biochemical reactions, the inhibitors may influence the permeability of the various cellular membranes and through physical and chemical effects may alter the structure of other subcellular structures such as proteins, nucleic acid, and spindle fibers. Unfortunately, few definite examples can be listed. The action of colchicine and podophyllin in interfering with cell division is well known. The effect of various lactones (coumarin, parasorbic acid, and protoanemonin) on mitotic activity was discussed above. Disturbances to cytoplasmic and vacuolar structure, and the morphology of mitochondria imposed by protoanemonin, were also mentioned. Interference with protein configuration and loss of biological activity was attributed to incorporation of azetidine-2-carboxylic acid into mung bean protein in place of proline. 

Centrosomes, also called the microtubule organizing centre, are protein complexes that contain two cen-trioles (ringlike structures) and y- tubulin. They serve as nucleation points for microtubular polymerization and constrain the lattice structure of a microtubule to 13 protofilaments. They are responsible for organizing the mitotic spindle during mitosis. 

Role of the Cytoskeleton in Cell Division Formation of the Mitotic Spindle, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis Drug Effects on Microtubules Mlcrofllaments Actin Filaments Structure and Composition... 

The processes of meiosis and mitosis involve many motile events, from the separation of the daughter chromosomes to the final act of cell separation at cytokinesis (Wadsworth, 1993). DNA replication itself may be considered as a motile event, because the polymerase complex moves along the linear DNA. One of the most obvious motile events is the separation of the chromosomes along the mitotic spindle at anaphase. Details of the structure and polarity of microtubules in the spindle apparatus in meiosis and mitosis are known through electron and light microscopy, but it is not yet clear whether the chromosomes are pushed, pulled or... 

It is possible to observe effects of organotin(lV) compounds exposure such as inhibition of cleavage of fertilized eggs, interference with the formation of the mitotic spindle, damages affecting chromosome structure, and electron-dense precipitate formation in organelles. 

Microtubules, an integral component of the cellular cy-toskeleton, consist of cytoplasmic tubes 25 nm in diameter and often of extreme length. Microtubules are necessary for the formation and function of the mitotic spindle and thus are present in all eukaryotic cells. They are also involved in the intracellular movement of endocytic and exocytic vesicles and form the major structural components of cilia and flagella. Microtubules are a major component of axons and dendrites, in which they maintain structure and participate in the axoplasmic flow of material along these neuronal processes. 

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