Mitochondrial assays potential assay

Intracellular Enzymes Stem Cell Isolation Cellular Membrane Potential Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Gene Reporter Assay Gene Silencing (siRNA)... 

Dye oxidation (e.g., tetrazolium reductase activity with 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide, MTT 2-[4-iodophenyl]-3-[4-nitrophenyl]-5-[2,4-disulfophenyl]-2H tetrazolium monosodium salt, WST-1 3- (4,5 -carboxymethoxyphenyl) -2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2 H-tetra-zolium, MTS 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide inner salt, XTT 2,2 -di-p-nitrophenyl-5,5 -diphenyl-3,3 -(3,3 -dimethoxy-4,4 -diphe-nylenej-ditetrazolium chloride, NET), Alamar blue assays, ATP concentration (e.g., luciferase assay), oxygen consumption (e.g., oxygen electrodes, phosphorescent oxygen-sensitive dyes), mitochondrial protein and nucleic acid synthesis mitochondrial mass (e.g., mitotracker dyes) mitochondrial membrane potential (e.g., tetramethylrho-damine methyl ester, TMRM tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester, TMRE)... 

The toxicologist can still use of in silico technology36 to assess the chemical-based toxicity potential of various structural series and many molecular methodologies can still be applied, including covalent binding assays, mitochondrial assays and oxidative stress assays.29-37... 

Fig. 2. Cytogram of a combined assay for NAD(P)H levels (UV-excited blue autofluorescence) and mitochondrial membrane potential (CMXRosamine/ MitoTracker Green FM fluorescence). Signals representing normal and compromomised cells are labeled.

As with flow cytometry, multiparameter apoptosis assays may also be performed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Using the approach similar to that detailed above for flow cytometry, we have examined NADPH content, mitochondrial membrane potential (CMX Rosamine fluorescence), and mitochondrial mass (Mitotracker Green), by CLSM. Figure 3 shows an example of a typical multiparameter assay performed by confocal microscopy. 

In 2008, Filipovska and coworkers reported a comparison between cationic and neutral gold(I) complexes as potential anticancer drugs based on the results obtained from the mitochondrial assay [10]. 

As mentioned above, cytotoxicity evaluation is one of the applications on iPSC-derived disease models [104]. With the use of a high-content assay, a series of readouts, such as cell viability, nuclear shape, average and integrated cell area, mitochondrial membrane potential, phospholipid accumulation, cytoskeleton integrity, and apoptosis, have been examined as a general and mechanism-specific hepatotoxicity. In this particular application, the cell model for the assay... 

Rottenberg, H. Wu, S. Quantitative assay by flow cytometry of the mitochondrial membrane potential in intact cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1998, 1404, 393-404. 

Farrelly, E. Amaral, M. C. Marshall, L. Huang, S. G. A high-throughput assay for mitochondrial membrane potential in permeabilized yeast cells. Anal Biochem. 2001, 293, 269-276. 

Jacohson, J. Duchen, M. R. Heales, S. J. R. Intracellular distribution of the fluorescent dye nonyl acridine orange responds to the mitochondrial membrane potential imphcations for assays of cardioliponyl acridine orangein and mitochondrial mass. J. Neurochem. 2002, 82, 224—233. 

Staining Applications Mitochondria cells Biological Applications Detecting mitochondrial membrane potential apoptosis assays multi-drug resistance assays ... 

---