Miscellaneous Useful Materials

Potassium Oxalate. The monohydrate [6487-48-5] K2C204-H20, mol wt 184.24, is produced as a colodess crystalline material or a white powder. The anhydrous salt [583-52-8] mol wt 166.22, is obtained when the monohydrate is dehydrated at 160°C. The monohydrate is preferred as a reagent in analytical chemistry and in miscellaneous uses principally because of its high solubihty as compared with other simple neutral oxalates the saturated solution, at 0°C, contains about 20 wt %, and at 20°C, about 25 wt %... 

In 1989, 4,689,000 metric tons of uncalcined gypsum was sold or used 3,229,000 metric tons for use in Pordand cement and the remainder for agriculture and miscellaneous uses. About 17,778,000 metric tons of calcined material was used to produce 1.9 million square meters of board products. Over one million square meters of this material was regular board and about 560,000 m was Type X board. 

Miscellaneous Uses. Inks used by inspectors to stamp the grade or quaUty on meat must, bylaw, be made from food-grade colors. Dyes used in packaging materials that come in direct contact with a food must also be food-grade or, if not, it must be estabUshed that no part of the colorant used migrates into the food product. Pet foods, too, if colored, must contain only those colorants recognized by the FDA as suitable for the purpose. 

Miscellaneous uses include textile bobbins, guns for hot melt adhesives and bilge pump housings. These materials are normally found in reinforced form. In addition to glass fibres, other fillers such as glass beads, talc and mica are used in conjunction with coupling agents. 

Most of over six million dentures produced annually in the USA are made of acrylics (PMMAs) that includes full dentures, partial dentures, teeth, denture reliners, fillings and miscellaneous uses. Plastics have been edging into the dental market for over a half century. Even before the introduction of acrylics to the dental profession in 1937, nitrocellulose, phenol-formaldehyde and vinyl plastics were used as denture base materials. Results, however, were not wholly satisfactory because these plastics did not have the proper requisites of dental plastics. Since then, PMMAs have kept their lead as the most useful dental plastics, although many new plastics have appeared and are still being tested. Predominance of PMMAs is not surprising, for they are reasonably strong, have exceptional optical properties, low water absorption and solubility, and excellent dimensional stability. Most denture base materials, therefore, contain PMMA as the main ingredient. 

Isophorone is a solvent for a large number of natural and synthetic polymers, resins, waxes, fats, and oils. Specifically, it is used as a solvent for concentrated vinyl chloride/acetate-based coating systems for metal cans, other metal paints, nitrocellulose finishes, printing inks for plastics, some herbicide and pesticide formulations, and adhesives for plastics, poly(vinyl) chloride and polystyrene materials (Papa and Sherman 1981). Isophorone also is an intermediate in the synthesis of 3, 5-xylenol, 3, 3, 5-trimethylcyclohexanol (Papa and Sherman 1981), and plant growth retardants (Haruta et al. 1974). Of the total production, 45-65% is used in vinyl coatings and inks, 15-25% in agricultural formulations, 15-30% in miscellaneous uses and exports, and 10% as a chemical intermediate (CMA 1981). 

Synthetic ethanol has the following uses as a chemical intermediate (for ethyl acetate, ethyl acrylate, glycol ethers, ethylamines, etc.), 30 percent in toiletries and cosmetics, 20 percent as a coatings solvent, 15 percent as a raw material for vinegar, 10 percent in household cleaners, 7 percent in detergents, 5 percent in pharmaceuticals, 5 percent in printing inks, 3 percent and in miscellaneous uses, 5 percent. 

Industrial processing materials are covered by the following major end uses plastics and elastomers, textiles, agricultural chemicals, leather and paper chemicals, and other miscellaneous uses. 

Refining of soybean oil is practiced as a purifying treatment designed principally to remove FFA while reducing the phosphatides or gums, coloring matter, insoluble matter, settlings, and miscellaneous unsaponifiable materials. Failure to remove these impurities causes the oil to foam, darken, smoke, and become cloudy when heated. The time-honored or conventional method for removal of the impurities from the oils is by the use of a solution of sodium hydroxide to react with the FFA to produce... 

Solutions of formaldehyde, 30 to 50%, such as those used in preservatives, are listed as miscellaneous hazardous materials. These solutions are nonflammable, and the toxicity is below the requirements for a poison liquid. However, the material may still be carcinogenic. Formaldehyde solutions usually contain up to 15% methanol to retard polymerization. The four-digit UN identification number for nonflammable solutions is 2209. 

Batteries containing lithium are listed as miscellaneous hazardous materials. The storage batteries are composed of lithium, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and chlorine. These batteries have four-digit UN identification numbers assigned depending on the use and composition of the battery. Lithium batteries contained in some kind of equipment have the four-digit number 3091. Batteries with liquid or solid cathodes, not in any kind of equipment, are given the number 3090. 

Less frequently used materials ceramics, for example, BN (boron nitride), aramid, or carbon fibers miscellaneous, for example, calcium fluoride, cerium fluoride, tungsten disulfide (WS2), mica, borax, silver sulfate, cadmium iodide, lead iodide, and talc. 

This book aims to present relevant information in a form that corrosion engineers and other interested readers can easily use. Material from Zinc Its Corrosion Resistance has been improved with additions, revisions, and modifications of format where appropriate. Some data is re-presented in metric units and in forms more suited to the practicing engineer. After a section on general considerations, the book is divided into four chapters, dealing with the corrosion resistance of zinc in atmospheric, aqueous, soil, chemical, and miscellaneous environments. 

Also included in the Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials class is Other Regulated Materials ORM-D, Consumer Commodities. They are materials that present a limited hazard during transportation due to the form, quantity, and packaging. Some of these materials, if they were shipped in tank or box truck quantities, would fit into another hazard class. However, because the individual packaging quantities are so small, the DOT considers the hazard is limited and they are labeled ORM-D. Generally, these ORM-D materials are destined for use in the home, industry, and institutions. The materials are in small containers, including aerosol cans, with a quantity that is usually a gallon or less. 

MISCELLANEOUS USES OF DISTILLED LIQUORS AND THEIR BY-PRODUCTS. Many people are unaware of the other uses of the products of alcoholic distillation. These uses (1) help to lower the cost of spirits, since they promote the most efficient use of the raw materials, and (2) provide a boost to the production of nutritious animal foods such as dairy products, eggs, meats, and poultry. A summary of some of the most important of these uses follows ... 

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