Miscarriages abortions

Lead is one of the systemic poisons, in that once absorbed into the circulation, it is distributed throughout the body where it causes serious health effects. Manifested effects of Pb poisoning include nausea, anorexia, and severe abdominal cramps, weight loss, anemia, renal tubular dysfunction, muscle aches, and joint pains. Lead can pass the placental barrier and may reach the fetus, resulting in miscarriages, abortions, and stillbirths. 

Reproductive Effects. Operating room nurses exposed to trichloroethylene have been reported to have an increased incidence of miscarriages, but they were exposed to many other anesthetics as well (Corbett et al. 1974). Survey results of 1,926 women who had spontaneous abortions revealed a greater risk of abortion associated with trichloroethylene exposure (Windham et al. 1991). This study is limited by multiple chemical exposure. Humans exposed to trichloroethylene in the drinking water in certain areas of the country have not shown adverse reproductive effects (Byers et al. 1988 Freni and Bloomer 1988 Lagakos et al. 1986a). 

Reproductive Toxicity. Increased miscarriages were reported in one study of nurse-anesthetists exposed to trichloroethylene and other solvents (Corbett et al. 1974). A retrospective case-control study has should an approximate 3-fold increase in spontaneous abortion in women exposed to trichloroethylene and other solvents (Windham et al. 1991). Significant effects on sperm parameters were not observed in men occupationally exposed to trichloroethylene (Rasmussen et al. 1988). Adverse reproductive effects were not noted in humans that ingested water contaminated with trichloroethylene and other solvents (Byers et al. 

Reproductive Effects. There is sufficient qualitative evidence to support the conclusion that at high occupational exposure levels lead has significant adverse effects on human reproduction, including increased incidences of spontaneous abortion, miscarriages, and stillbirths. The mechanisms responsible for these effects are unknown at this time, but many factors may contribute to these results. These factors include indirect effects of lead on maternal nutrition or hormonal status before and during pregnancy to... 

RDIg may be used after abortion, miscarriage, amniocentesis, or abdominal trauma. 

Q67 When habitual abortion is due to incompetence of the cervix, suturing of the cervix may be adopted. Dydrogesterone is recommended as a first-line treatment in patients with a history of recurrent miscarriage. 

Reproductive effects from lead exposure have been documented in animals and human beings of both sexes. High occupational exposure levels in pregnant women have been associated with increased incidences of spontaneous abortions, miscarriages, and stillbirths. Some studies also seem to indicate that prenatal exposure to lower levels of lead may increase the risk of preterm delivery and reduced birth weight. Lead penetrates the placental barrier and has caused congenital abnormalities in animals. There is no conclusive evidence, however, that low-level lead exposure leads to an increased incidence of... 

Use after abortion or miscarriage - After an abortion or miscarriage that occurs in the first trimester, the patch may be started immediately. An additional method of contraception is not needed if the patch is started immediately. If use of the patch is not started within 5 days following a first trimester abortion, the woman should follow the instructions for a woman starting the patch for the first time. In the meantime, advise her to use a nonhormonal contraceptive method. Ovulation may occur within 10 days after an abortion or miscarriage. 

Do not start the patch any earlier than 4 weeks after a second trimester abortion or miscarriage. When the patch is used postpartum or postabortion, the increased risk of thromboembolic disease must be considered. 

Miscarriage. Loss of products of conception from the uterus before the fetus is viable spontaneous abortion. 

A 43-year-old woman, who had previously had a first trimester miscarriage that required evacuation of the uterus and a normal vaginal delivery at term 4 years before, was admitted for an abortion at 16 weeks. 

Coughlin LB, Roberts D, Haddad NG, Long A. Medical management of first trimester miscarriage (blighted ovum and missed abortion) is it effective J Obstet Gynaecol 2004 24 69-71. 

Bulletti C, Flamigni C, Giacomucci E. 1996. Reproductive failure due to spontaneous abortion and recurrent miscarriage. Hum Reprod Update 2 118-136. 

The decline in fecundity is reported not to be due to a higher abortion rate, as one study found no difference in miscarriage rates between different age groups (T5). Others, however, did find significant more miscarriages in older women (HI5, R5, V6). 

Abortion and miscarriage (49) have been associated with acupuncture. 

Kristensen P. Risk of miscarriage in pregnant users of NSAIDs. Miscarriages also occur in women intending to have induced abortions. BMJ 2001 322(7298) 1366. 

Approximately 7% of all live-born humans bear birth defects. This value may be as high as 10% if children are evaluated to age 10 years to include subtle structural or functional deficits such as minimal brain dysfunction or attention deficit disorders. More than 560 000 lives out of 3 million births per year in the United States are lost through infant death, spontaneous abortion, stillbirths, and miscarriage due presumably to defective fetal development. The relative contributions to human teratogenesis have been estimated as follows known germinal mutations, 20% chromosomal and gene aberrations, 3-5% environmental causes such as radiation, <1% infections, 2% or 3% maternal metabolic imbalance, 1% or 2% drugs and environmental chemicals, 4% or 5% contributions from maternal dietary deficiencies or excesses and... 

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