Mineralization terminology

Table 4.2 summarizes this basic classification and terminology of silicates. It is worth remembering that the term infinite refers here to an atomic scale of measurement, and does not imply that the chains extend to infinity in the mathematical sense of the word The terminology surrounding the silicates and clay minerals, in common with other mineralogical terms, has never been fully systematized, and so the names given are often ill-defined, or not unique to a... 

Two to 3 percent of the world s total asbestos production has been of the crocidolite variety, most of which has come from South Africa. Western Australia was a minor producer of crocidolite between 1944 and 1966. All amosite has been mined in the Transvaal Province of South Africa (2 to 3 percent of the world total). The only significant anthophyllite production came from Finland, where about 350,000 tons were mined between 1918 and 1966. Table 2.6 lists the composition, optical, and diffraction characteristics of the six asbestos minerals. More information on individual mineral species can be found in the references accompanying the sections on serpentine and amphibole types. Discussion of the geology, terminology, and exploitation of the several types of asbestos can be found in Ross (1981). 

The alchemists never succeeded in making gold from base metals, yet their experiments, recorded under a mystical and intentionally obscure terminology, gradually revealed metallic arsenic and antimony. Bismuth was discovered by practical miners. Finally, in the latter part of the seventeenth century, the pale light of phosphorus began to illumine the dark secrets of alchemy and to disclose the steady advance of scientific chemistry. 

Even so, the attempts to enumerate all possible four-connected three-dimensional nets shows that the expansion of even such a simple bond graph as that of Si02 is far from trivial. A more profitable approach has been to list and describe those networks that are commonly found, or seem likely to be found, in nature (O Keeffe et al. 2000). Thus the more pragmatic terminology introduced by Liebau (1985, pp. 76ff.) is frequently used to describe the structures of minerals. 

It is important to establish an initial basis in terminology for these minerals because the terms used have undergone a considerable... 

Runge intended to become a private tutor at the University of Berlin and so needed a philosophical doctorate. To this end, he investigated indigo and its combination with metal salts and metal oxide. He submitted this work together with two books that he had written on plant chemistry. These treatises were imbued with natural philosophical terminology. For Runge plant chemistry provided evidence of the continuity of chemical forms, such that phytochemistry is mineral chemistry repeated at a higher potency . 

Asphalt suffers from the uncertainty of meaning of the Greek word asphaltos and of its correspondence to related words in ancient Near Eastern languages (2). In modern terminology the term refers to a natural or manufactured mixture of mineral fines and bitumen. 

The constituent character of sulphur was inflammability. There existed at least three kinds of sulphurs, however, manifestly differing in consistence, texture, or both oils, inflammable spirits, and consistent sulphurs such as common sulphur. The imprecision in terminology was just as evident here as in the case of spirits. What chemists normally called sulphur, or common sulphur, was a mineral body. The two qualities chemists attributed to phlegm or water were its appearing to them insipid, and its being of a volatile and fugitive nature. Earth seemed the most simple, elementary, and unchangeable principle it did not dissolve in water, did not affect the taste, and did not fly away from the body in combustion. ... 

The crystalline-to-amorphous (c-a) transition in minerals has been investigated primarily by three experimental techniques for which different units and terminology are used in the calculation of dose. 

We can return to the data presented in Table 1 for the analysis of the mineral water. If the parent population parameters, a and po, are known to be 0.82 mg kg- and 10.8 mg kg" respectively, then can we answer the question of whether the analytical results given in Table 1 are likely to have come from a water sample with a mean sodium level similar to that providing the parent data. In statistic s terminology, we wish to test the null hypothesis that the means of the sample and the suggested parent population are similar. This is generally written as... 

In the terminology of minerals, primary (in the case of metals) refers to direct production from the ore in the case of petroleum it refers to production from wells by direct means. This meaning contrasts with the term secondary that is used to denote recovery of metal from scrap and, for petroleum, recovery by means of special techniques such as flooding and hydraulic pressure. 

Josephy, P. D., Guengerich, E. R, Miners, J. O. Phase I and phase II drug metabohsm terminology that we should phase out Drug Metab. Rev. 2005, 37, 575. 

PZCs/IEPs of aluminosilicates, phyllosilicates, clays and clay minerals are presented in Tables 3.1229 through 3.1356. Aluminosilicates, phyllosilicates, clays, and clay minerals have variable composition, and complicated classi licalion and terminology. The same or similar specimens are named differently in different publications. In the present survey, aluminosilicates, phyllosilicates, clays, and clay minerals are sorted alphabetically according to their names used in the original publications. These names may refer to specihc minerals, to groups of minerals, to clays, or to rocks. Specimens, mostly of natural origin, have been usually comminuted and/or purified. Several modihed natural specimens and synthetic materials are also included. 

Dickey Report, quotation from p. 7. In the terminology of the time, mineral wastes included organic chemicals not derived from living organisms for example, the report on p. 74 refers to organic minerals such as phenols. ... 

The aliphatic and the aromatic fractions can be analysed together or separately. Confusion has arisen in the past with regard to terminology. Methods for the determination of mineral oil have been confused with that of TPH. To avoid confusion a definition that utilises the above clean-up as a principal component of the method is proposed mineral oils are a group of compounds with the carbon number C10-C44, which are not retained when passed through a silica column using a non-polar solvent such as n-hexane . 

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