Chemistry of minerals

Flotation is certainly the major separation method based on the surface chemistry of mineral particles. It is, however, not the only method. Selective flocculation and agglomeration may be mentioned as other methods used commercially to a limited extent. The former is for hematite, while the latter is for coal and finely divided metallic oxide minerals. Both processes use the same principles as described for flotation to obtain selectivity. In selective flocculation, polymeric flocculants are used. The flocculants selectively adsorb on the hematite, and the hematite floes form and settle readily. Thereby separation from the sili-... 

No ongoing studies on the analytical chemistry of mineral oils, organophosphate esters, or polyalphaolefins were located in the available literature. 

Robin Clark s group operates from University College in London their Website http //www.chem.ucl.ac.uk/resources/raman/speclib.html is informative, and contains links to many spectra. The Raman spectrum of malachite is interpreted in M. Schmidt and H. D. Lutz, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 1993, 20, 27. 

To a certain extent a similar statement could be made about research on the chemistry of mineral-water interfaces. Some theoretical models (2,3) developed to date have focused primarily on their ability to fit data collected from one experimental technique, namely potentiometric titration. While these models have done much to improve our understanding of the oxide-water interface, we do not have a complete picture of the interfacial region at present. Although potentiometric titrations can still provide new insights, failure to utilize other techniques may result in the problem mentioned in Forni s statement above. 

Study of mineralogy and analytical chemistry of minerals Production of iron from the ore... 

XD Zou, EA Ferrow, S Hovmoller. Correcting for crystal tilt in HREM images of minerals the case of orthopyroxene. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 22 517-523, 1995. 

Gates WP, Stucki JW, Kirkpatrick RJ. 1996. Structural properties of reduced Upton mont-morillonite. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 23 535-541. 

Figure 5JO Experimentally observed intracrystalline disorder in (Mg,Fe)2Si04 mixture, compared with theoretical distribution curves generated by interionic potential calculations. = Aikawa et al. (1985) = Smyth and Hazen (1973) = Brown and Prewitt (1973) 0,0, A = Ottonello et al. (1990). From G. Ottonello, F. Princivalle, and A. Della Giusta, Temperature, composition and/o effects on intersite distribution of Mg and Fe in olivines. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 17, 301-12, copyright 1990 by Springer Verlag. Reprinted with the permission of Springer-Verlag GmbH Co. KG.

Figure 5.55 Mutual dependence of Q i and Q d order parameters. In the upper part of the figure is outlined the T dependence of substitutional disorder Qod for different values of Qdi and, in the lower part, the T dependence of the displacive disorder parameter Qdt for different values of The heavy lines on the surface of local curves represent the solution for thermal equilibrium. From E. Salje and B. Kuscholke, Thermodynamics of sodium feldspar II experimental results and numerical calculations. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 12, 99-107, figures 5-8, copyright 1985 by Springer Verlag. Reprinted with the permission of Springer-Verlag GmbH Co. KG.

Akimoto S., Matsui S., and Syono S. (1976). High-pressure crystal chemistry of orthosilicates and the formation of the mantle transition zone. In The Physics and Chemistry of Minerals and Rocks, R. I G. Strens, ed. New York John Wiley. 

Curtis, H.A. (1942) Liebig and the chemistry of mineral fertilizers. In Moulton, F.R. (ed.) Liebig and After Liebig A Century of Progress in Agricultural Chemistry. American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, DC, pp. 64-70. 

Hobbs B.E. (1984) Point defect chemistry of minerals under hydrothermal environment. /. Geophys. Res. 89, 4026-4038. 

Gaft M, Panczer G, Reisfeld R, Uspensky E (2001c) Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 28 347-363... 

Gaft M, Nagli L, Waychuas G (2004a) Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 31 365-373... 

Lumpkin, G. R. Ewing, R. C. 1988. Alpha-decay damage in minerals of the pyrochlore group. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 16, 2-20. 

Hayes, K. F. Katz, L. E. 1996. Application of X-ray absorption spectroscopy for surface complexation modelling of metal ion sorption. In Brady, P. V. (ed) Physics and Chemistry of Mineral Surfaces. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 147-223. 

Mineralogy, crystallography and chemistry of mineral deposits in living systems have frequently been reviewed in the past4-44). Therefore this will briefly be summarized here. 

Limitations of space preclude a comprehensive survey of the coordination chemistry of minerals. The reader is referred to the general references in this section for more information. Naturally, many other examples might have been chosen to exemplify various coordination numbers, geometries and complexes found in minerals. Nevertheless, the various species mentioned above do indicate the wide range of coordination chemistry in the solid state found in the mineral kingdom and the complexity of coordination compounds in the natural environment. 

Kuwahara, Y. (1999) Muscovite surface structure imaged by fluid contact mode AFM. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 26, 198-205. 

Chapter 6 describes how crystal field stabilization energies influence the crystal chemistry of minerals containing the transition elements. Site occupancies of the cations in oxide and silicate structures are also discussed. 

Bums, R. G. (1976a) Partitioning of transition metal ions in mineral structures of the mantle. In The Physics and Chemistry of Minerals and Rocks. (R. G. J. Strens, ed. J. Wiley, New York), pp. 555-72. 

Significance of the Crystal Chemistry of Mineral Surfaces for the Attachment of Silicones... 

Journal of the Physics and Chemistry of Minerals Physical Review Powder Diffraction... 

Figure 7. MAS-NMR spectra for spectra for cristobalite as a function of temperature, across the a-p transition. The chemical shift decreases with increasing temperature in the a-phase and across the a-p transition. A distribution of transition temperatures causes the presence of peaks for both phases to be present at 230°. [Used by permission of the editor of Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, from Spearing and Stebbins (1992), Fig. 7, p. 313, Springer-Verlag 1992]...

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