MINDS standardized

The tensile strength of specimens that strain harden (which includes most polyethylene samples) is strongly dependent upon their elongation at break. Bearing this in mind, standard deviations of 10-20% are realistic. Errors associated with the true ultimate tensile stress will be greater than those associated with the tensile strength because their value is compounded by variation of elongation prior to break. 

The scientific method, as mentioned, involves observation and experimentation (research) to discover or establish facts. These are followed by deduction or hypothesis, establishing theories or principles. This sequence, however, may be reversed. The noted twentieth-century philosopher Karl Popper, who also dealt with science, expressed the view that the scientist s work starts not with collection of data (observation) but with selection of a suitable problem (theory). In fact, both of these paths can be involved. vSignificant and sometimes accidental observations can be made without any preconceived idea of a problem or theory and vice versa. The scientist, however, must have a well-prepared, open mind to be able to recognize the significance of such observations and must be able to follow them through. Science always demands rigorous standards of procedure, reproducibility, and open discussion that set reason over irrational belief. 

Thermal comfort may be defined as "that condition of mind in which satisfaction is expressed with the thermal environment" (4). It is thus defined by a statistically vaUd sample of people under very specific and controlled conditions. No single environment is satisfactory for everybody, even if all wear identical clothing and perform the same activity. The comfort zone specified in ASHRAE Standard 55 (5) is based on 90% acceptance, or 10% dissatisfied. 

Fan Performance The performance of a centrifugal fan varies with changes in conditions such as temperature, speed, and density of the gas being handled. It is important to keep this in mind in using the catalog data of various fan manufacturers, since such data are usually based on stated standard conditions. Corrections must be made for variations from these standards. The usual variations are as follows ... 

Keep in mind that should a eonfliet exist in applieability in the CER the more proteetive, or stringent applies. Typieally, on a mid to large HAZWOPER site you will eneounter a situation that is eovered by more than one OSH A standard. 

There is no mention that a prior hazard assessment will be acceptable. It is only common sense that OSHA would not expect employers with a previously documented hazard assessment program that meets the new requirements to perform another assessment. Yet there is no way of knowing if this will be acceptable. Employers should use good judgment on what is an effective hazard assessment. Bear in mind, hazard assessment should incorporate any applicable American National Standards... 

Although OSHA regulations and industry standards have begun to address proteetive elothing and its proper use, the responsibility lies with the buyer for seleeting the appropriate type and style of PPE to mateh the job-speeifie hazards to proteet the worker. Wlien purehasing PPE the eonstruetion and quality of the equipment should be kept in mind as well as the regulatory standards that should be met, the eomfort and produetivity of the worker involved, and the disposability of the equipment after it has been eontaminated. The eheapest is not always the best. 

Chemical PPE In a fire or thermal energy hazard, PPE worn by responders should meet, at a minimum, the criteria in 29 CER 1910.156 (e), Eire Brigade Standard, requiring turnout gear. In conditions where skin absorption of a hazardous substance may result in substantial possibility of immediate death, serious illness, or injury or impaired ability to escape, totally encapsulated chemical protective suits should be used. It is vital to keep heat resistance of the totally encapsulated suits and the heat resistance of any PPE used underneath or in conjunction with the totally encapsulated suits in mind any time there is a thermal hazard. 

As you can see, it is important to plan the extent of the hazardous areas and various methods, such as fire walls, to prevent the transfer or propagation of volatile/flammahle materials from one plant area to another. When in douht, err on the side of being safe and conservative. Also keep in mind that dust can be just as hazardous as flammable liquids/ vapors and must be classified and handled accordingly. Tables 14-9 and 14-10 identify the NEMA Standard for Motors. ... 

We should keep in mind that a strong electrolyte standard state could have been chosen for HOAc, in which case,... 

It should be kept in mind, that these rate constants are defined based on the volume concentrations of the reacting species. Another standard rate constant hP can be defined with regard to the rate of the reaction at the standard electrode potential of the electrode reaction. This rate constant refers consequently to standard activities instead of concentrations. 

This is another equilibrium calculation to which the standard seven-step procedure applies. Special attention must be given, however, to analyzing the initial conditions at the stoichiometric point, bearing in mind that the reaction between hydroxide ions and a weak acid goes essentially to completion. 

In this case, the relative response of the observers are summed into a response called "THE STANDARD OBSERVER" and is normalized for easier usage. Now, let us examine the effects of colors (chroma) as perceived by the human eye. Keep in mind that each person perceives "color" somewhat differently from other persons. 

Acceptable Risk. Once information is assembled concerning the characteristics of exposure and biologic effects, that information must be interpreted in terms of human safety standards. That interpretation requires that one establish a set of criteria representing acceptably safe conditions for human existence, bearing in mind that zero concentrations of environmental chemicals are unrealistic. 

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