Comfort zones

Optimum comfort would be in the center of each zone. Moving away from the center, some people would be expected to have thermal sensations approaching - 0.5 and -i-0.5 at the cooler and warmer ET borders. The zones of Fig. 5.7b are for sedentary or slightly active ( M 1.2 met) people. If the activity level is higher than that, then the ET line borders can be shifted about 1.4 K lower per met of increased activity. Similarly, if the clothing is different than the 0.9 and 0.5 do vales of Fig. 5.7a, the temperature boundaries can be decreased about 0.6 K for each 0.1 do increase in clothing insulation. Another, similar way to adjust the comfort zone for both different activity levels and do values is to shift the zone centered on the optimum temperature at 

Conditions that are warmer than the applicable still-air comfort zone of Fig. 5.7b can often be made comfortable by increasing the air speed. If the conditions are 1 to 6 °C warmer than the still-air comfort zone of Fig. 5.7b, the necessary air speed v) to restore thermal balance and comfort can be estimated from Fig. 5.8, where Tis the temperature difference between the environment and the still-air comfort temperature. Though the increased air speed will bring the whole-body thermal sensation to the comfort level, air motions above 0.8 m/s or so may cause other kinds of discomfort frojn 

FIGURE 5.8 Air speed necessary at temperature T for the same thermal response as air environment (SO.2 m/s). 

This threshold account of the role of emotions and feelings in driving certainly matches well with the idea of somatic markers (Damasio, 1994, 2003) and is also 

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Thermal comfort may be defined as "that condition of mind in which satisfaction is expressed with the thermal environment" (4). It is thus defined by a statistically vaUd sample of people under very specific and controlled conditions. No single environment is satisfactory for everybody, even if all wear identical clothing and perform the same activity. The comfort zone specified in ASHRAE Standard 55 (5) is based on 90% acceptance, or 10% dissatisfied. 

Eigure 3 shows the winter and summer comfort zones plotted on the coordinates of the ASHRAE psychrometric chart. These zones should provide acceptable conditions for room occupants wearing typical indoor clothing who are at or near sedentary activity. Eigure 3 appHes generally to altitudes from sea level to 2150 m and to the common case for indoor thermal environments where the temperature of the surfaces (/) approximately equals air temperature (/ and the air velocity is less than 0.25 m/s. A wide range of environmental appHcations is covered by ASHRAE Comfort Standard 55 (5). Offices, homes, schools, shops, theaters, and many other appHcations are covered by this specification. 

Similarly, with cycling temperatures, large fast cycles can cause discomfort. To avoid this, if the time to complete one cycle is less than 15 minutes and the peak-to-peak temperature variation is greater than 1.1 °C, the average rate of temperature change should be less than 2.2 °C/h (Fig. 5.9). Very slow rates of temperature change dT/dt < 0.5 °C/h) are much less difficult to adjust to and the change can go unnoticed until the temperature is beyond the comfort zone temperature. 

Comfort is reduced by elevated humidity levels. It is recommended that on the warm side of the comfort zone the relative humidity should not exceed 60% to prevent warm discomfort. On the cool side of the comfort zone, high humidity is less important because there is no swearing to increase skin moisture. For these reasons the upper boundaries of comfort zones in Fig. 5.7b are wet bulb temperatures of 18 and 20 °C for the winter and summer comfort zones respectively. 

The test run may indicate that the slide valve is open too far. Most operators prefer to keep the valve in the 40% to 60% range. They lose a major comfort zone if the valves open more than this. A larger valve or larger port can be installed in the existing valve. 

Performance of an FCC unit is often maximized when the unit is operated against multiple constraints simultaneously. It is essential that the specified constraints allow for minimum comfort zones. An operator-friendly advanced control program, coupled with proper selection of catalyst formulation, would allow optimizing the performance of the unit on a daily basis. 

Cross-race dyads cross-race dyads can also bring enormous benefits to its members. Both parties are challenged to learn by being forced to venture outside their comfort zone and build their skill repertory. 

Commentary To solve this problem, the mass spectrometrist needed to work outside of his graduate school specialty (his comfort zone ). This required him to call upon other resources, like the polymer chemist. The vital importance of communication (between the analyst, the technical director, the PI and DA plant engineers, and the polymer chemist) was essential to defining the problem, and ultimately solving it. 

Figure 5.2 The comfort zone. (From Schena, M. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93, 10614-10619, 1996. With permission.)...

Every day and night people have experiences they can t explain. For many people these events are life changing. Their comfort zone of what they can accept as real is put to the test. It takes only one such experience for people to question the reality of the mysterious worlds that might exist beyond the one we live in. Perhaps you haven t encountered the unknown, but you have an intense curiosity about it. Either way, by picking up this book, you ve started an adventure to explore and learn more, and you ve come to the right place The book you hold has been written by a leading expert in the paranormal—someone who understands unusual experiences and who knows the answers to your questions. 

Comfort Zones guides you through the process of planning your retirement in each of these areas and developing a plan that fits within your personal comfort zone. 

If it is not already under way, do a better job of retirement planning by anticipating and preparing for four phases, instead of one. Where possible, know what you will do and what you want to be before you retire, then be aware that it is important to find your own comfort zone in each new stage. Retirement is never the same for two people. 

Some individuals are happier in this phase than the prior one. These retirees don t like too much activity and when they start slowing down, they enter a comfort zone that provides more fulfillment, not less. Often one life partner reaches this stage ahead of the other. 

Reducing the anxiety connected with active living (the constant need to achieve) can open the door to a more satisfying comfort zone with fewer demands but equally rewarding projects. 

Some retirees may be more motivated to stretch this phase than the prior one. This suggests three things. First, either rewards in this phase are yet to be defined or some people are lucky enough to discover a very special comfort zone for... 

A person makes many transitions on his or her journey through life. For example, from school to employment, from single to married, to parenthood, and from one job to another. All transitions have a common element. They require you to adjust to change as you move from one comfort zone to another. 

When you begin to feel good about being a retiree, and when you have learned to capitalize on your advantages, you ll know you ve made progress. When you look back at your career and are happy with where you are, you have made the transition. When you think less about retirement because you are too busy enjoying the day-to-day adventures of your new role, you have entered a new comfort zone. 

Unfortunately, some individuals move into retirement without sensing the need to find a new challenge to fit into their comfort zone. Some make the mistake of thinking that retirement is an idyllic period of leisure that will last forever. These people reject the phrase retire and refire. ... 

This section discusses personal relationships during retirement. When you complete it, you should be able to build better relationships, create a strong inner-circle support system, do a better job of handling family demands, and explain the difference between the two languages of love and decide which best fits your comfort zone. 

How do you go about declaring emeritus status Everyone should do this based upon individual family situations and his or her own comfort zone. The following examples might provide some techniques and, more important, the courage to take action of your own. 

Tip 1 Stay within your comfort zone. To most people, sleep is more important than gambling for a higher return on an investment. Your comfort zone may move toward the conservative in the years ahead. 

In making investments, it s important to discover and stay within your comfort zone. 

To start you thinking about Phase II (spending), the following strategies may be worth considering. Read all nine before deciding which one is best suited to your desires, philosophy, values, and financial situation. The more you discuss these options, the better. To be happy with your ultimate choice it should fall within your personal comfort zone and have a positive impact on your lifestyle. 

I I No feeling of security. To live without a small cushion falls outside the comfort zone of many retirees. 

They are usually happy with their lifestyles. Spending more money on themselves would not fall within their comfort zone. 

Now that you have reviewed the strategies, options, and tax rules, what seems like the best approach for you It s unlikely that one of the strategies presented will be exactly right for you. Based on your comfort zone, you should be able to combine elements of two or more into a plan with which you can live. You re invited to use the box below to summarize your plan. 

Your spending strategy must meet your needs and fit with your philosophy and comfort zone. 

You will meet your personal needs and your decision will fit within your comfort zone if you make a list of things that are important to you. Here are some points to consider ... 

Unless you have accumulated considerable capital and have a high retirement income, a few options may be out of reach. Your ultimate choice should be one that fits into your financial comfort zone. In doing your preliminary research, seek an option that will be a good financial investment. 

Your neighbors are often in your comfort zone. 

Other residents are usually in the same comfort zone. 

Continue to weigh and decide until you have chosen your five most important considerations. Once accomplished, satisfying these desires will help you make choices within your comfort zone. In doing this, it is strongly recommended that life partners make their choices independently so they can be matched and discussed later. 

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