Mind-Body Interactions

A second type of medicine practiced in this country is referred to as complementary medicine. In this q)proach to medical care, clients generally receive traditional adjuncts to therapy such as prescription medications, which are often complemented by noninvasive approaches that use the mind-body interaction (Cheng, 1995). Strategies like those described in chapter 6 for anxiety that involve deep breathing, meditation exercises, yoga, and other means of relaxing are frequently used. 

That concludes my example. Its intended purpose, of course, is as an analogy with mind-body interactions. What I hope to do is to draw some useful lessons from the analogy. For convenience, I refer to causal interactions between coins and vending machines as monetary-machine interactions. If we stopped here, if we looked no deeper, then, despite common explanatory practice, we would have to conclude that, with respect to machines, money was epiphenomenal. That is, the fact that money is money does not explain the effects of money on machines (or people, for that matter). It is the 5-facts that do all the explanatory work. What explains machine behavior is not broad facts about the value of internal coins, but narrow facts about their size, shape, and density. Once we have the analogy fully in place, though, I return to the analysis of these interactions and look a little deeper. I hope to show that, contrary to appearances, there is a sense in which monetary facts about coins and bank notes are causally relevant to machine behavior. The form of this relevance is suggestive about the way the mind may be causally relevant to human and animal behavior. 

Sosa, E. (1984). Mind-body interaction and supervenient causation. Midwest Studies in Philosophy, 9, 271—81. 

Mackin P, Watson S, Ferrier N. The neurobiology of depression focus on cortisol, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and their interactions. Depression Mind Body 2005 2 11-18. 

Complementary medicine Mind and body interactions such as traditional medicine, meditation, and yoga... 

It is important to keep in mind that the simple pair approximation in Eq. [2] is in fact an effective two-body description that takes into account the real many-body nature of the system implicitly through the fitting procedure. If this expression is modified by adding any of the above types of many-body interactions, the parameters that go into the two-body term must be refitted. 

When the length scale approaches molecular dimensions, the inner spinning" of molecules will contribute to the lubrication performance. It should be borne in mind that it is not considered in the conventional theory of lubrication. The continuum fluid theories with microstructure were studied in the early 1960s by Stokes [22]. Two concepts were introduced couple stress and microstructure. The notion of couple stress stems from the assumption that the mechanical interaction between two parts of one body is composed of a force distribution and a moment distribution. And the microstructure is a kinematic one. The velocity field is no longer sufficient to determine the kinematic parameters the spin tensor and vorticity will appear. One simplified model of polar fluids is the micropolar theory, which assumes that the fluid particles are rigid and randomly ordered in viscous media. Thus, the viscous action, the effect of couple stress, and... 

Lawrence Diller believes that neither the genetic model nor the environment model alone provides the whole picture for ADHD. Instead, he argues that a biopsychosocial model, in which several factors—including a person s biology, emotional status, and environment interact—provides a better solution. In this model, the path between the mind and the body is seen as a two-way street The brain affects emotions and behavior and, in turn, the brain is affected by the person s experiences. After all, although everyone is born with a basic personality, it is the experiences an individual has while growing up that will shape him or her into the kind of person he or she will become. 

The holistic approach uses the idea that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. In medicine it is the consideration of the complete person in the treatment of disease. The link between the body and the mind (the psychosomatic) and its significance to health are indisputable. A holistic healer considers all aspects of the patient s physical, mental, environmental and lifestyle factors as well as any pathological malfunction. When using an essential oil, the remedy relies on the complete oil rather than its individual components. This needs to be linked with the method of application and the skills of aromatherapists in interacting with their clients. 

As a second model potential we shall briefly discuss the PES for the water dimer. Analytical potentials developed from ab initio calculations have been available since the mid seventies, when Clementi and collaborators proposed their MCY potential [49], More recent calculations by dementi s group led to the development of the NCC surface, which also included many-body induction effects (see below) [50]. Both potentials were fitted to the total energy and therefore their individual energy components are not faithfully represented. For the purposes of the present discussion we will focus on another ab initio potential, which was designed primarily with the interaction energy components in mind by Millot and Stone [51]. This PES was obtained by applying the same philosophy as in the case of ArCC>2, i.e., both the template and calibration originate from the quantum chemical calculations, and are rooted in the perturbation theory of intermolecular forces. 

This doctrine of simple location has a further consequence for science in that it explains physical phenomena in terms of the interaction of material entities in space. To the scientific mind of the seventeenth century, physical phenomena, including the phenomenon of a living organism, were understood as a manifestation of the interaction of material entities the world consisted of physical bodies having mass, location, and locomotion, such entities having these properties as essential qualities. But other qualities exist, which normally enter into observations of a phenomenon, but which are suppressed by the purely physical description that admits... 

Boerhaave s great emphasis on the creation of the whole stmcture of the body at the same time was directed at those who hoped to trace down the cause of the vital interaction of the fluids exclusively in the stmcture of the body (...) or in the fluids alone Although Boerhaave does not mention any names, we can perhaps say that here the later Boerhaave speaks his mind. He does not seek the cause of life in the hydrauhcs of the fluids hke Pitcairne had done, nor in the nature of the particles of the fluids themselves, like Keill had argued. Instead, Boerhaave proposed to keep to the notion that nature has made the body in its entirety previously, and that, once it is so adjusted, one single impulse is given to it which suddenly imparts motion to the whole and causes this to continue. However, Boerhaave did not leave God out of his medicine, for he held that God ultimately is the Father and Keeper of the human race. ... 

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