Mimosa extract

The use of commercial mimosa extract in adhesive applications is firmly established in South Africa, and it is in fact completely dominant in particleboard and plywood manufacture (1). Similar formulations are currently also in use in Australia and elsewhere, while fortification with resorcinol permits application of mimosa extract in fingerjointing and beam lamination (2). 

Wattle (mimosa extract) tannin adhesives have been industrially produced and used in South Africa for many years. From the first, mostly unsuccessful, attempts in 1968 has evolved the consistent manufacture, industrial application,... 

Botha, J.J., D. Ferreira, and D.G. Roux Condensed Tannins Direct Synthesis, Structure, and Absolute Configuration of Four Biflavanoids from Black Wattle Bark ( Mimosa ) Extract. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 700 (1978) Synthesis of Condensed Tannins. Part 4. A Direct Biomimetic Approach to [4,6]- and [4,8]-Biflavanoids. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1235 (1981). 

D. G. Roux, Wattle Bark and Mimosa Extract. Leather Industries Research Institute, Graham-stown. South Africa (1976). 

As already stated, the polyphenols are firmly bormd to the collagen in leathers which have been subjected to vegetable tanning. In the TFG of a leather sample we may therefore expect that this bond will be broken and that fragmentation of both the tannin and the collagen will occur. Fig. 10 ows the TFG of an animal in treated only with chromium salts (chrome-tanned leather). For comparison. Fig. 11 pves the TFG of a chrome leather that has been further tanned with mimosa extract the characteristic, prominent zones of resorcinol (3) and pyrocatechol (2) show up clearly. The typical products of thermolysis of vegetable tanned and unfinished leathers are compiled in Table 5. 

Chrome leather, furtha tanned with mimosa extract + ++ +++ + Inorganic + catechin... 

Fig. 11. Thermofractogtam of vegetable-tanned (Mimosa extract ieather).The heavy-circled zones are typical and are those of the tannin agent...

Botha J J, Ferreira D, Roux D G 1978 Condensed tannins Direct synthesis, structure and absolute configuration of four biflavanoids from black wattle (mimosa) extract. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 700-702... 

Figure 6.2.7 Chromatograms from a GC-MS analysis in SIM mode of mimosa extract pretreated by using ALEX technique (from David et al, 2006b).

Viviers, P. M., J. J. Botha, D. Ferreira, D. G. Roux, and H. M. Saayman Synthesis of condensed tannins. Part 7. [4,6 4,8]-Linked angular prorobinetinidin triflavanoids from black wattle ( Mimosa ) extract (submitted). 

More recently, a modification of the system described by Kreibich has been used extensively in industry with good success. Part A of the adhesive is again a standard phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde (PRF) cold-setting adhesive, with powder hardener added at its standard pH. Part B can be either the same PRF adhesive with no hardener and the pH adjusted to 12, or a 50 to 55% tannin extract solution at a pH of 12-13, provided that the tannin is of the condensed or flavonoid type, such as mimosa, quebracho, or pine bark extract, with no hardener [118,135-137], The results obtained with these two systems are good and the resin not only has all the advantages desired but also the use of vegetable tannins and the halving of the resorcinol content makes the system considerably cheaper [118,135-137]. 

David Bransby (personal communication, October, 2002) recommended seven potential energy crops (mimosa, sericea, kudzu, arunzo, switchgrass, velvet bean, and castor) as candidates for the extraction of high-value products based on crop yields and largely anecdotal medicinal information. 

The 60% methanol sep-pak fractions from the mimosa foliage and sericea extracts were analyzed by LC/MS. The mimosa foliage fractionhad nearly the same profiles by both LC/MS (Fig. 4B) and HPLC (Fig. 4A), as indicated by the three major peaks. The LC/MS profile showed that the mimosa foliage fraction had major peaks at 42.5 (significant ions at m/z 303 and 633), 49.0 (m/z 303 and 487), and 53.5 (m/z 303 and 471), min. The molecular weights of compounds were inferred from the positive-ion mass spectra (results not shown). On the other hand, the chromatograms for the sericea extracts (Fig. 5A, 5B) are quite different. The LC/MS profile for sericea in Fig. 5B shows major peaks at 47.0 (major ions at m/z 433 and 545) and 48.5 (m/z 517 only) min. 

The same 60% methanol Sep-Pak fraction from the mimosa foliage extract was fractionated into 10 subfractions by HPLC (a different HPLC was used from the Fig. 4 results) and collected for subsequent analysis (see Fig. 6). In analyzing the ORAC value of these sub-fractions, it was found that the sixth sub-fraction contained nearly 90% of the total ORAC value (see Table 4). Initial HPLC and LC/MS tests on this sixth subfraction indicated the presence of a single peak giving strong ions at m/z 303 and 487 (see Fig. 7 A, 7B). The m/z 303 ion in this component was subsequently confirmed as protonated quercetin (see Fig. 8 for the structure of querce-... 

Fig. 4. Analyses of mimosa foliage crude extract fractionated with 60% methanol in Sep-Pak column. (A) HPLC (UV) (B) LC/MS.

ORAC Values of 10 Subfractions from 60% Methanol Extract of Mimosa Foliage... 

Fig. 9. MS/MS spectrum of m/z 303 of (A) fraction 6 from a 60 % methanol mimosa foliage extract and (B) protonated quercetin.

Interestingly, the antiviral activity of HS mimetics against flaviviruses was also demonstrated in vivo. Two sulfated galactomannans extracted from seeds of Mimosa scabrella and Leucaena leucocephala, named BRS and LLS, respectively, protected mice against intraperitoneal infection with YFV [91]. More recently, the oligosaccharide PI-88 was assayed in vitro and in murine models of flavivirus infection. This low molecular weight compound did not show in vitro effectiveness but ameliorated disease in JEV and DENV-2 infected mice,... 

In 1946, Goncalves deLima, a Brazilian ethnobotanist and chemist, extracted an alkaloid from roots of Mimosa hostilis, another member of the pea family, which has been used by natives of eastern Brazil to prepare a potent psychoactive drink. He named this "nigerine later it was found to be identical to DMT, first synthesized in 1931 by the British chemist Richard Manske. 

A,A-dimethyltryptamine was isolated (77). A7,Ar-Dim ethyltry ptamine also occurs in the leaves of Lespedeza bicolor vax. japonica (Leguminosae) (78), and in the roots of Mimosa hostilis Benth. (40, 79). The latter plant is also the source of an extract used by the local (Brazilian) Indians in their mysticoreligious ceremonies for its hallucinogenic properties. These rituals have been described by Gongalves de Lima, who recorded the extraction of nigeiine from Mimosa hostilis, but did not identify it as N,N-dimethyltryptamine (79). 

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