Microstructures surface

Analysis of surface crystallography and microstructure surface cleanliness... 

The forgings were evaluated by density, microstructure, surface finish, tensile strength, notched impact strength, ductility, and fatigue strength measurements... 

Owing to hydrogen embrittlement, the mechanical properties of metallic and nonmetal-lic materials of containment systems may degrade and fail resulting in leaks. Hydrogen embrittlement depends on many factors such as environmental temperature and pressure, purity of metal, concentration and exposure time to hydrogen, stress state, physical and mechanical properties, microstructure, surface conditions, and the nature of the crack front of material [23]. 

Fluorine is an essential element involved in several enzymatic reactions in various organs, it is present as a trace element in bone mineral, dentine and tooth enamel and is considered as one of the most efficient elements for the prophylaxis and treatment of dental caries. In addition to their direct effect on cell biology, fluoride ions can also modify the physico-chemical properties of materials (solubility, structure and microstructure, surface properties), resulting in indirect biological effects. The biological and physico-chemical roles of fluoride ions are the main reasons for their incorporation in biomaterials, with a pre-eminence for the biological role and often both in conjunction. This chapter focuses on fluoridated bioceramics and related materials, including cements. The specific role of fluorinated polymers and molecules will not be reviewed here. 

Chen, L., Kny, E., Groboth, G. (1998), SiAION ceramics with gradient microstructures , Surface and Coating Technology, 100-101, 320-323. 

Figure 14. SEM images of microstructured surface of freestanding porous AI2O3 after A1 etching (Fig. 13, Step 3) at different magnifications. Top (top) and tilted (bottom) views. Images reproduced from Ref.30 with permission from ASME.

Microstructured surfaces, as well as micromachined substrates and devices discussed in Sects. II, III, and iy are suitable for a number of applications. They include reflective and absorbing surfaces, wavelength-sensitive filters, multiaperture lens arrays and Fresnel microoptics, field emitter arrays, precision apertures, or molds for microstructured surfaces of other materials. Microstructured alumina ceramics can also be used for tuned broadband infrared emitters. In addition, due to the robustness at high temperatures and well-developed and controlled porosity, the freestanding, heat-treated micromachined anodic alumina substrates can be used for the fabrication of sensors that incorporate a high temperature microheater with low power consumption. 

The release techniques discussed here do not prevent adhesion from occurring during micromachine operation. Microstructure surfaces may come into contact unintentionally through acceleration or electrostatic forces, or intentionally in applications where surfaces impact or shear against each other. When adhesive attractions exceed restoring forces, surfaces permanently adhere to each other causing device failure—a phenomenon known as in-use stiction. ... 

Segarra, E.l. and Glandt, E.D. (1994). Model microporous carbons -microstructure, surface polarity and gas-adsorption. Chem. Eng. Sci., 49, 2953-65. 

Keywords Interference hthography. Microstructures, surfaces. Replication, Solar applications... 

This method employs the basic principles previously described for the EIS method but with the use of two identical working electrodes. The method does not use an auxiliary electrode nor a reference electrode. With reference to Fig. 6.21, the two working electrodes (A and B), ideally, are identical in all aspects—geometry, chemical composition, microstructure, surface condition, etc. The method involves application of a low-amplitude (e.g., 20 mV) AC potential across the two electrodes, at a very low frequency (If) and at a very high frequency (hf), and measurement of the impedance of the system at each frequency, Z lf and Z hf. The assumed equivalent electrical circuit for the system also is indicated in Fig. 6.21. This circuit assumes that the simplest equivalent electrical circuit, as shown in Fig. 6.18, is applicable to each of the electrodes in the two-electrode method. In this case, Rs is the solution resistance (normalized with respect to specimen area, for example, ohms-m2) between the two electrodes. With reference to Fig. 6.21 (and also with reference to the previous discussion of the EIS method), it is seen that ... 

The properties of thin films are primarily determined by the type of chemical element or compound they comprise and by the film thickness. Their optical, electro-optical, electrical and mechanical behaviour is also determined by structure, microstructure, surface and interface morphology, chemical composition, purity and homogeneity. These are strongly influenced by the film preparation method, the chosen parameters, and by post-deposition treatments. 

Recent studies reveal that microstructural surface features possibly influence the cell response to implanted synthetic apatites. The roughness is an important aspect of cell... 

Neuhaus S, Spencer ND, Padeste C. Anisotropic wetting of microstructured surfaces as a function of surface chemistry. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2012 4(1) 123—30. 

FIGURE 18.3 Heat exchange tube with the microstructured surface. The tube is characterized by high surface area, large volume of microcavities, and tight contact between the tube body and the array of whiskers. (Reprinted from Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B, 236, Schultz, A., Akapiev, G.N., Shirkova, YM. et al., A new method of fabrication of heat transfer surfaces with micro-structured profile, 254—258, Copyright 2005, with permission from Elsevier.)... 

J. Meyle, K. Giiltig, W. Nisch, Variation in contact guidance by human cells on a microstructured surface, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 29 (1995) 81-88. 

T = w/h, over various hydrophobic microstructured surfaces for water flow through the rectangular microchannel of length / = 40 mm, height, H = 50 pm, and width, W = 320 pm... 

Michael W, Klaiber F, Scholz S (2008) Investigations in variothermal injection moulding of microstructures and microstructured surfaces. In Proceedings of the 5th international conference of muti-material micro manufacture. Whittles Publishing Ltd., Cardiff, UK... 

Gomik C (2004) Injection moulding of parts with microstructured surfaces for medical applications. Macromol Symp 217 365-374... 

Seemaim R, Biinkmann M, Kramer EJ, Lange FF, Lipowsky R (2004) Wetting morphologies at microstructured surfaces. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102(6) 1848-1852... 

Early Work — Reported in the thesis of Torkelli [15] are investigations of numerous superhydrophobic electrowetting structures, including precursors to all the post-like and nanobrick features found in this review. Torkelli also demonstrated nano and microstructured surfaces such as posts, but with additional micro-scale surface roughness on the posts to further increase the hydrophobicity. Conventional... 

The open microstructure surface and micro crack of specimens close gradually. Specimens are compacted and nonlinear deformation occurs (Liu et al., 1999). Because the marble specimens have good integrity and uniformity, the stage is not obvious. 

Many aspects have to be taken into account when developing interfacial devices involving native biological molecules and inorganic, microstructured surfaces biological objects, because of their sensitivity and complexity, need a well-defined, mild physiological environment for their structural integrity and activity. On... 

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