Microscopic images, analysis imaging

Fig. 4. Aggregate size distributions by electron microscope image analysis (D and centrifugal (Z9 sedimentations for N220 and N351 carbon blacks (8).

Mazeran, P.E. and Loubet, J.L., Normal and lateral modulation with a scanning force microscope, an analysis implication in quantitative elastic and friction imaging. Tribal. Lett., 7(4), 199-212(1999). 

Fig. 8.28 External view of the MIMOS II sensor head without contact plate assembly (left) MIMOS II sensor head mounted on the robotic arm (IDD) of the Mars Exploration Rover. The IDD also carries the a-Particle-X-ray Spectrometer APXS, also from Mainz, Germany, for elemental analysis, the Microscope Imager MI for high resolution microscopic pictures ( 30 pm per pixel), and the RAT for sample preparation (brushing grinding drilling (< 1 cm depth)). Picture taken at Kennedy-Space-Center KSC, Florida, USA...

An assay that produces multiple biological readouts. Most commonly used in relation to the mathematical analysis of an image acquired using an automated microscope whereby analysis algorithms quantify cellular parameters (e.g., number, motility, neurite outgrowth, size, shape) and subcellular events (e.g., receptor internalization, protein translocation, protein expression nuclei shape). 

Rosen, D. Instruments for Optical Microscope Image Analysis, in ADVANCES IN OPTICAL AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPY, Barer, R. and Cosslett, V.6., Ed., 1984, 9, 323-354, Academic Press, New York. 

Feret s diameter, l.) (the mean value of the distance between pairs of parallel tangents to the projected outline of the particle), and Martin s diameter, Du (the mean chord length of the projected outline of the particle[96] D DM=I 7.1. S A//b) are used in automated analysis of microscopic images [49,50],... 

A new suspension array concept based on sedimentation and microscopic imaging was introduced by Moser et al. [98], Magnetic microbeads settle to the bottom of a microplate well by magnetic forces and form randomly ordered arrays, which are examined by fluorescence microscopy and automated imaging analysis. Each bead carries specific capture molecules and can be identified by a defined luminescent code. 

Fluorescence spectroscopy and its applications to the physical and life sciences have evolved rapidly during the past decade. The increased interest in fluorescence appears to be due to advances in time resolution, methods of data analysis and improved instrumentation. With these advances, it is now practical to perform time-resolved measurements with enough resolution to compare the results with the structural and dynamic features of macromolecules, to probe the structures of proteins, membranes, and nucleic acids, and to acquire two-dimensional microscopic images of chemical or protein distributions in cell cultures. Advances in laser and detector technology have also resulted in renewed interest in fluorescence for clinical and analytical chemistry. 

The method of strueture analysis developed by the Soviet group was based on the kinematieal approximation that ED intensity is directly related (proportional) to the square of structure factor amplitudes. The same method had also been applied by Cowley in Melbourne for solving a few structures. In 1957 Cowley and Moodie introdueed the -beam dynamical diffraction theory to the seattering of eleetrons by atoms and crystals. This theory provided the basis of multi-sliee ealeulations whieh enabled the simulation of dynamieal intensities of eleetron diffraetion patterns, and later electron microscope images. The theory showed that if dynamical scattering is signifieant, intensities of eleetron diffraetion are usually not related to strueture faetors in a simple way. Sinee that day, the fear of dynamical effects has hampered efforts to analyze struetures by eleetron diffraction. 

This chapter introduces principles of three nonlinear contrast mechanisms— MPF, SHG, and THG—for microscopic imaging. The instrumentation of nonlinear multicontrast microscopy is described, and the methods of multicontrast image analysis are presented. The later parts of the chapter focus on several examples of multicontrast nonlinear microscopy applications in biological imaging. 

Martens and Thybo (2000) used digital image analysis of scanning electron microscope images of potato tissue and of starch to successfully relate microstmcture characteristics to textural properties. 

ASTM D3849, Primary Aggregate Dimensionsfrom Electron Microscopic Image Analysis, ASTM, Philadelphia, Pa., 1980. 

Aggregate dimension ASTM D 3849 determination of aggregate dimensions (unit length, width, etc.) by electron microscope image analysis... 

Quantitative analysis of these images is accomplished in the same manner as for any microscope image, depending on the detail of analysis desired. Automated image analysis software can be used to provide a variety of information. Crystal phase volume (solid fat content UNIT D3.i) can be obtained by counting dark pixels (according to some empirical threshold factor). 

Although there are a number of important food components which are naturally fluorescent (e.g., cereal brans, lignified materials such as pea, soy and cotton fiber, and even proteins and pigments), detection of many food components requires application of specific fluorochromes or diachromes. Therefore, quantitative analysis using microscopic imaging also requires judicious use of sensitive dyes or stains suitable for visualization and rapid measurement. The dyes must be stable, non-toxic to liing cells, easily and inexpensively... 

Baradet, T. C., Haselgrove, J. C., and Weisel, J. W. (1995). Three-dimensional reconstruction of fibrin clot networks from stereoscopic intermediate voltage electron microscope images and analysis of branching. Biophys. J. 68, 1551-1560. 

The nature of structural orders in the PQT-12 thin films can be further characterized by atomic-force microscopic (AFM) analysis. Figure 4.10 shows the AFM phase images of a 20-nm PQT-12 film on an OTS-8-modified wafer surface before... 

The process of image analysis begins with obtaining microscopic images of the desired particles. Typically, the powder is dispersed in a liquid to create a suspension. The concentration must be low to prevent the particles from overlapping when deposited on a microscope slide. Each particle should exist as a discrete entity to facilitate... 

In black and white microscopic imaging, two types of parameters can be extracted from boundary coordinates for quantitative analysis geometric parameters and density parameters. Geometric parameters (Huang, 1981a) only measure the size and shape of the object under consideration whereas density parameters measure both the geometry and the grey level distribution of the object. 

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