Optical microscope images

Fig. 35—The typical optical microscopic images (500X) of the first crack in the scratch test.

Figure 35 shows the optical microscopic images of the first crack point on the sample surface. The scratch scar of monolayer Sample 1 has the feature of brittleness. However, there is an obvious crack along the scratch scar of Sample 2 before the coating delamination. This indicates that mono-layer Sample 2 has the feature of ductility, and the adhesion between the film and the substrate is poor. However, there is no obvious crack before the delamination in the scratch scars of other samples. The feature of multilayer Samples 3 and 4 is different from monolayer Samples 1 and 2. There are no obvious cracks in the scratch scars of Samples 5 and 6, except several small cracks along the edge of the scars. These... 

Rosen, D. Instruments for Optical Microscope Image Analysis, in ADVANCES IN OPTICAL AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPY, Barer, R. and Cosslett, V.6., Ed., 1984, 9, 323-354, Academic Press, New York. 

Plate 10.1 Optical microscope images ofthe irridescent regions on the surface ofthe P-FeOOH sol (x650) (Reprinted from Maeda, Maeda, copyright 1996. With permission and Courtesy, H. Maeda). 

Figure 5.7. Optical microscope image of a thin film (thickness 2 p.m) of a-p-NPNN grown on a glass substrate (1.6 x 1.0 mm, crossed polarizers). Reprinted from Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 209, J. Caro, J. Fraxedas and A. Figueras, Thickness-dependent spherulitic growth observed in thin films of the molecular organic radical p-nitrophenyl nitronyl nitroxide, 146-158, Copyright (2000), with permission from Elsevier.

Although the detailed information on the polymorphic phases has to be obtained with e.g., diffraction and scanning probe methods, our eyes are attracted by the beauty of optical microscope images often encountered with polymorphs under transformation. Figure 5.17 shows an optical microscopy image of a / -NPNN thin film (thickness 2 pm) on a glass substrate, exhibiting a transformation at... 

Figure 5.18. Optical microscope images (crossed polarizers) of the evolution of a transforming p-NPNN thin film grown on a glass substrate. The images were taken (a) 144, (b) 168, (c) 216, (d) 312, (e) 382, (f) 408 h after first exposure of the as-grown film to the atmosphere. Molas et al, 2003. Reproduced by permission of the Royal Society of Chemistry.

Figure 7.15 Chemical structure of the 2,6-bis(l methylbenzimidazolyl) pyridine (Mebip) end-capped monomer (24) and optical microscopic images of its resulting MSP gels (8 wt% in acetonitrile) formed with (a) Zn(C104)2 and (b) Zn(C104)2/La(C104)3 (mole ratio = 97 2) obtained using a laser scanning confocal microscope operated in transmitted mode (Weng et al. 2006).

Two component hydrogen bonded mixtures of dendrimers and T-shaped branched amphiphiles are also a rich source of mesophases. Figure 13.21 shows a polarised optical microscope image of the contact region between the dendrimer 13.18 and the T-shaped amphiphile 13.19. A wide variety of mesophases co-exist as one component diffuses into another. The majority of these have been identified and studied.13... 

Figure 22 (a) Optical microscope images of the phase separation at the confluences, (b)... 

Fig. 10.33. Registered PDMS/Mylar stamp on Substrate using lock and key mechanism A, B, C and D are optical microscope images of matched relief features of stamp on photoresist patterns of substrate a, b, c, and d are optical microscope images of matched keys of stamp on to locks on substrate.

Fig. 44. (a) Optical microscope image of a 60-pm LSM microelectrode after dc polarization with a large anodic bias (0.6 V). (b) A 74 x 74 pm AFM image of a microelectrode after dc polarization with 1.25 V. 

Fig. 4.11. Left (a) Optical microscope image of an OLED working at a luminance of 100 cd/m2 under water vapor atmosphere. Non-emitting dark spots can be seen clearly, (b) SEM image of the bubbles formed on the aluminum cathode in the dark spot area, (c) Correlation between dark spot growths (taken from the increase in diameter) and total current density [110]. Right (a) Shown here is the random pattern of carbonized areas on the surface of the cathode after operation, shown in wide field, (b) At higher resolution, the structure of one of these areas becomes more apparent, (c) and (d) show nanoscale views of carbonized areas with the extrusion of the polymer through the cathode and the resulting void underneath [111].

Figure 4.3 shows optical microscope images of epoxy samples containing SWNT and clay. In the absence of clay, poorly dispersed and highly aggregated nanotubes are observed (Figure 4.3a). An effective three-dimensional CNTs network cannot be formed...

Figure 4.3. Bright field optical microscope images for epoxy composites containing 0.05 wt% SWNT (a), 0.05 wt% SWNT, and 2 wt% clay (c), images (b) and (d) are the same respective positions, but under cross-polarized light condition. Reprinted with permission from ref (41).

Electrorheological phenomenon is demonstrated in Figure 8.13 on optical microscope images of two different types of CNT microspheres. Both are based on PMMA matrix but in the first case the particles were prepared by in-situ suspension polymerization in presence of MWCNT (570 and in the second by MWCNT adsorption on separately prepared PMMA microspheres (20). Particles were dispersed in silicon oil and placed between two parallel electrodes. Figure 8.13(a) represents the state without and Figure 8.13(b) with applied electric field. In the figure, typical ER fibril structures can be observed for both principal materials when external electric field is applied the dispersed PMMA/MWCNT microspheres form chain structures. 

Figure 8.13. Optical microscope image of silicone oil dispersions of PMM A/ MWCNT microspheres (left part) (57) and of MWCNT particles adsorbed on PMMA microspheres (right part) (20), in both cases without (a) and with applied electric field (b).

Figure 25.3 Polarizing optical microscopic images and schematic illustrations of the oriented and self-assembled structures of 10b in the hexagonal columnar state (a) Before shearing (b) after shearing the material along the direction perpendicular to the Au electrodes. Directions of A analyzer P polarizer S shearing. (Reproduced with permission from J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126, 994-995 (2004). Copyright 2004 American Chemical Society)...

FIGURE 12.12 Optical microscope image of post-CMP wafer surface, showing oxide dishing and nitride erosion. 

Fig. 9.1 Optical microscope image of graphene on Si02/ Si. The lightest-colored area corresponds to single-layer graphene...

Figure 7.12. Optical microscopic image of a free-standing, 1-mm thick CVD diamond plate made of 16 pieces of 4x4mm diamond mosaic plates. The basal diamonds were removed [135, 136].

Fig. 6 (A) Anodized alumina, posted microreactor used for reforming of ammonia to hydrogen. (B) Optical microscope image of the microreactor posts. (C) Scanning electron microscopy image of a microreactor postsurface illustrating the porosity of the anodized surface. (View this art in color at www.dekker.com.)...

FIG. 20 An optical microscope image of a polyaniline pattern deposited on a gold substrate using a 10 /am Pt UME in the microreagent mode. (From Ref. 40.) Figure B is a magnification of part of Figure A. 

Figure 4. Three morphologies observed by TEM on TGDDM-diamine blends containing various amounts of TP and cured at 160 °C. (a) Type 1 morphology (10.5 wt% TP), (b) Type 2 morphology (15.0 wt% TP), (c) Type 3 morphology (20.9 wt% TP). Parts a and b are TEM images part c is an optical microscopic image.

Figure 10. Optical microscopic image of a type 3 blend of TGDDM-diamine and 20.9 wt% TP cured at 160 °C under a 20% shear strain.

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