Microparticles, drug deliver

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A large variety of drug delivery systems are described in the literature, such as liposomes (Torchilin, 2006), micro and nanoparticles (Kumar, 2000), polymeric micelles (Torchilin, 2006), nanocrystals (Muller et al., 2011), among others. Microparticles are usually classified as microcapsules or microspheres (Figure 8). Microspheres are matrix spherical microparticles where the drug may be located on the surface or dissolved into the matrix. Microcapsules are characterized as spherical particles more than Ipm containing a core substance (aqueous or lipid), normally lipid, and are used to deliver poor soluble molecules... 

A number of patented technologies for multiparticulate dosage forms have been described recently, such as the Micropump system, which is an osmotically driven coated microparticle system designed to increase the absorption time for rapidly absorbed drugs.59 Combination of water-soluble and water-insoluble polymers could provide enhanced controlled release rates and profiles. A patented technology (COSRx) has been reported to be capable of delivering various sophisticated release profiles. The formulation involves a guar-gum-based tablet and a combination of water-soluble and water-insoluble polymeric tablet coat.60... 

Microparticles and nanoparticles present some advantageous features, namely mucoadhesive properties. They have demonstrated some potential in vaginal drug delivery, particularly in the formulation of delivery systems for vaccines or peptides and proteins [160, 161], Nonetheless, these particles have to be incorporated in adequate carrier systems in order to be delivered. This task has been shown to be complex, it being hard to achieve controlled-release and steady-release profiles. 

Another interesting new combination of polymers and biological species may be synthesized by covalently binding biologically active molecules to the surface of polymeric particles, such as those prepared in microemulsion polymerizations. Thus, if a particular antibody is attached, the microparticles will be attracted to specific antigenic sites in the body. If these sites are on specific cancer cells, and if an anti-cancer drug is incorporated into or onto the micro-article, with the possibility of subsequent release from the particle, then specific drugs may be delivered to specific sites in the... 

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