Microfluidic biosensor arrays

Keywords Integrated miniaturized sensor arrays, microfluidics, biosensors, microelectronic, microsystemtechnology. 

For patient monitoring as well as for extracellular microphysiometry low volume fluid handling systems with integrated microbiosensor arrays have to be developed (Trajanoski et al. 1996). A very versatile and reliable technology is the use of polymer laminate film. The laminate is based on a PCB material and provides mixed fluidic-electric platform for the assembly of a biosensor array and microfluidic channels. Subsequent lamination of dry film resist layers over previously patterned layers allows the creation of closed channels without the use of any sacrificial layer (Fig. 3). 

Assembling the PCB microfluidic with the biosensor array results in the bio-analytical microsystem with a flow cell volume of 150 nl and a mixing coU volume... 

LAB-ON-A-CHIP" MICROFLUIDIC AND ARRAY-BASED BIOSENSORS FOR PESTICIDE DETECTION... 

Heo J. and Crooks R. M., Microfluidic biosensor based on an array of hydrogel-entrapped enzymes, Anal. Chem., 77(21), 6843-6851, 2005. 

We recently coupled nanoparticle-based sensors on an 8-biosensor array with off-line protein capture into a simple microfluidic system (Fig. 1.12) [112]. This microfluidic immunoassay system features AuNP sensor electrodes built on a screen-printed carbon platform inserted into a molded 70 pL PDMS channel... 

Nanostructured electrode arrays and nanomaterial-based labeling strategies have resulted in ultrasensitive devices for measuring clinically relevant biomolecules. Due to their small size, electrocatalytic properties, compatibility with microfluidics, and ability to be functionalized with biomolecules, nanomaterial-derived electrochemical biosensor arrays have shown promise in applications that require the simultaneous detection of multiple biomolecules. As personalized medicine and future medical diagnostics require the development of small, sensitive, versatile, low-cost, and energy-efficient devices for multiplexed detection of biomolecules from complex samples, nanomaterial-based bioelectrochemistry is poised to address the rigorous demands of biosensor development. 

The measuring spot density on several subsequently commercialized biosensors has greatly increased, allowing arrays to be probed and generating parallel interaction data. One recent development involves microfluidics systems with hydrodynamic addressing (HA) of the solutions (Fig. 19). By the... 

As seen in some of the examples given above, spectroscopic methods are very much combined with other techniques to provide more information more quickly. Optical sensors using injection-molded microfluidics systems have already been on the market for 10 years (the BiaCore), but presently the combination of spectrometers or optical sensors with microfluidics, capillary electrophoresis and DNA arrays is still very much in the center of interest For instance, an optical biosensor can be combined with mass spectroscopy, allowing very rapid sequential determination of the binding constants, charge, size and sequence of a target protein [511]. 

Proteins such as antibodies and enzymes can be deliberately anchored on microfluidic device surfaces by covalent bonds or molecular recognition in order to fabricate array biosensors. Nraispecific adsorption is the (usually) undesirable adsorption of molecules on the surface, and it ends up with... 

Impedimetric Biosensors for Nano- and Microfluidics, Fig. 9 The effect of decreasing the spatial wavelength, 7, of the interdigitated microsensor electrode array, (a) Schematic illustration of X and b. (b) A plot of... 

Rea I, Orabona E, Lamberti A, Rendina I, De Stefano L (2011) A microfluidics assisted porous silicon array for optical label-free biochemical sensing. Biomicrofluidics 5 034120 Rendina I, Rea I, Rotiroti L, De Stefano L (2007) Porous silicon based optical biosensors and biochips. Physica E 38(1-2) 188-192... 

Impedimetric Biosensors for Nano- and Microfluidics, Figure 3 Schematic illustration of the several steps involved in the preparation of microlitho-graphically fabricated interdigitated microsensor electrode (IME) arrays... 

Varshney, M., Li, Y, Srinivasan, B., and Tung, S. (2007) A label-free, microfluidics and interdigitated array noicroelectrode-based impedance biosensor in combination with... 

M. Varshney, Y. Li, B. Siinivasan, S. Tung, A label-free, microfluidics and inteidigitated array microelectrode-based impedance biosensor in combination with nanoparticles immunoseparation for detection of Escherichia coli 0157 H7 in food samples. Sensors and Actuators B Chemical 128 (1) (December 2007) 99-107. 

Yang SY, DeFranco JA, Sylvester YA, Gobert TJ, Macaya DJ, Owens RM, Malliaras GG (2009) Integration of a surface-directed microfluidic system with an organic electrochemical transistor array for multi-analyte biosensors. Lab Chip 9 704-708... 

---