Microelectronics applications, solid-state

These materials are introduced in Chapter 5 and only brief mention of them is necessary here. It is important to appreciate that polymer electrolytes, which consist of salts, e.g. Nal, dissolved in solid cation coordinating polymers, e.g. (CH2CH20) , conduct by quite a different mechanism from crystalline or glass electrolytes. Ion transport in polymers relies on the dynamics of the framework (i.e. the polymer chains) in contrast to hopping within a rigid framework. Intense efforts are being made to make use of these materials as electrolytes in all solid state lithium batteries for both microelectronic medical and vehicle traction applications. 

The use of self-assembly techniques in molecular electronics has proven to be useful, as shown by the many publications cited. We expect the field to continue to develop and mature as researchers fine-tune their procedures and new methods are developed. Processes refined for the molecular electronics field will find applications in other nanotechnology areas the reverse will also be true. Thus, as it will be beneficial for those in the solid-state microelectronics field to look toward molecular electronics for solutions to their problems, it will also be beneficial for those in the field of self-assembled molecular electronics to look outside that narrow range of technology for potential solutions to their problems. The coming years will surely see many exciting developments. 

J.R. Creighton and J.E. Parmeter, Metal CVD for Microelectronic Applications An Examination of Surface Chemistry and Kinetics, Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences, Vol 18, 1993, pp.l75-238. 

The intense contemporary interest in solid state oxides reflects their properties, which endow these materials with applications from heavy construction to microelectronic circuitry. The huge range of solid state properties is a result of the diversity of chemical compositions and structure types exhibited by the inorganic oxides... 

OTTO Z. ZHOU is an associate professor of materials science and physics and the director of the North Carolina Center for Nanoscale Materials at the University of North Carolina at Chapel HiU. His research is focused on synthesis and solid state properties of nanoscale materials and their energy-storage, vacuum microelectronics, and nano-composite applications. He is the founding director of the North Carolina Center for Nanoscale Materials, which has 15 associated... 

JEP122-A, Arlington, VA, December, 2001 Epstein, D., Application and Use of Acceleration Factors in Microelectronic Testing, in Solid State Technology, November 1982 ... 

The first part of the book examines the crystal and electronic structure, stoichiometry and composition, redox properties, acid-base character, and cation valence states, as well as new approaches to the preparation of ordered TMO with extended structure of texturally defined systems. The second part compiles practical aspects of TMO applications in materials science, chemical sensing, analytical chemistry, solid-state chemistry, microelectronics, nanotechnology, environmental decontamination, and fuel cells. The book examines many types of reactions — such as dehydration, reduction, selective oxidations, olefin metathesis, VOC removal, photo- and electrocatalysis, and water splitting — to elucidate how chemical composition and optical, magnetic, and structural properties of oxides affect their surface reactivity in catalysis. 

The second part of the book compiles some practical aspects of metal oxides, with emphasis in catalytic applications. Metal oxides represent an expanding class of compounds with a wide range applications in several areas such as materials science and catalysis, chemical sensing, microelectronics, nanotechnology, environmental decontamination, analytical chemistry, solid-state chemistry, and fuel cells. Our basic knowledge on the metal oxide chemistry is relatively far from that for metals, and as yet, little is known about fundamental relationships between reactivity of oxide compounds and their chemical compositions, crystal structures, and electronic properties at the surface. When examining the importance of metal oxides, and specifically TMOs, in several reactions such as dehydration, selective oxidations, olefin metathesis, VOCs removal, photocatalysis, water splitting, and electrocatalysis, attempts will be made in order to connect properties of the oxides and their reactivity. Since the catalytic phenomenon is confined to the external surface of the solids where molecules or atoms interact, the study of this interaction... 

A specialized type of Li-ion battery developed for semi-conductor and printed circuit board (PCB) applications are thin-film, solid-state devices. These batteries which employ ceramic negative, solid electrolyte and positive electrode materials, can sustain high temperatures (250°C), and can be fabricated by high volume manufacturing techniques on silicon wafers which are viable as on-chip or on-board power sources for microelectronics. Batteries of this type can be very small, 0.04 cm x 0.04 cm x 2.0 fjm. For microelectronics applications, all components must survive solder re-flow conditions, nominally 250°C in air or nitrogen for 10 minutes. Cells with liquid or polymer electrolytes cannot sustain these conditions because of the volatility or thermal stability of organic components. Further, cells that employ lithium metal also fail as solder re-flow conditions exceed the melting point of lithium (180.5°C). 

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