Micro-nanodevice

Application FIBID can be used as a flexible adhesive in the micro/nanodevices fabrications. For example, a carbon nanotube (CNT) can be fixed to the end of an ordinary probe of atomic... 

To fully integrate the confocal concept with portable, stand-alone micro-/nanodevices, inexpensive yet functionally equivalent miniature microscopes are required. Diode lasers, microlenses, pinhole structures, and PMT detectors must be reliably fabricated then aligned... 

Keywords 3D lithography Two-photon photopolymerization Femtosecond laser Micro-nanodevice Micro-nanofabrication... 

Fig. 55 The origin of optical trapping force, which provides various mechanisms for micro-nanodevice optical actuating... 

Supposing that scientists succeed in constmcting molecular tools, they must overcome another obstacle for nanotechnology to be effective. A medical nanosubmarine is likely to contain about a billion (10 ) atoms. At an assembly speed of one atom per second, it would take 10 seconds to constmct one such device. That s almost 32 years If the assembly rate can be increased to one atom per micro-second, the constmction time for a 1-billion-atom machine drops to 1000 seconds, or just under 17 minutes. That s not bad if only a few machines are needed, but molecular machines are tiny, so large numbers of machines will be required for any practical application. Consequently, scientists will have to discover ways to mass-produce nanodevices. 

From the point of view of the operation of DNA-based nanodevices, AFM imaging and probing can be used as a readout method for micro/nanoarrays. The first possibility is to expand on the variation of heights of DNA aggregates... 

Consider an example from nucleation and growth of thin films. At least three length scales can be identified, namely, (a) the fluid phase where the continuum approximation is often valid (that may not be the case in micro- and nanodevices), (b) the intermediate scale of the fluid/film interface where a discrete, particle model may be needed, and (c) the atomistic/QM scale of relevance to surface processes. Surface processes may include adsorption, desorption, surface reaction, and surface diffusion. Aside from the disparity of length scales, the time scales of various processes differ dramatically, ranging from picosecond chemistry to seconds or hours for slow growth processes (Raimondeau and Vlachos, 2002a, b). 

The obtained results will be used to improve theories of crystal dissolution and fabrication technologies of silicon micro- and nanodevices of different functions and applications. 

Tlie conshuction of complicated three-dimensional structures on a sub-micrometer scale requhes increasingly sensitive and sophisticated methods amenable to both custom and mass production. Electrochemical machining is increasingly important (in addition to htho-graphy, dhect writing, molecular assembly) to achieve the construction of micro- and nanodevices. 

Another observation concerning magnetic fields may contribute to sensors in micro- and nanodevices that allow directional motion in opeiation. 

The goal of this work was the characterization with PDEIS of Cd atomic layer electrodeposition on bulk tellurium and Te monolayer predeposited on gold. Cd upd on Te is an important stage of electrodeposition of CdTe nanostructures. Atomic level control of CdTe electrosynthesis is expected to enable wider application of electrochemical assembling of various micro- and nanodevices that use CdTe as an active semiconductor component. 

In addition, a wide variety of innovative detection techniques are under development using micro- and nanoscale devices. An important opportunity in point detection will be to leverage progress being made in nanodevices for other applications. A few of these are illustrated below ... 

The basic difference between conventional processing and nanofabrication is the dimension of the structures to be fabricated. There are basically two possible approaches top-down and bottom-up approaches. In the top-down approach, micro and nanostructures are achieved by controlled removal of extra amount of material by applying an external source of energy such as mechanical, thermal, chemical, and electrochemical energy. The top-down approach of micro and nanofabrication is schematically shown in Fig. 1.2. This approach is difficult to apply at nanoscale however at microscale, it has been utilized successfully by various means. In the bottom-up approach, positions of atoms or molecules are manipulated to build up the nanodevices or nanostmctures, as illustrated in Fig. 1.3. Various techniques of this approach are under development at the laboratory level and need further improvements. 

Knutti, J.W., and H.V. AUen. 2004. Trends in MEMS commercialisation. In Enabling technology for MEMS and nanodevices, vol. 1, Advanced micro nanosystems, eds. H. Baltes, O. Brand, G.K. Fedder, C. Hierold, J. Korvink, and O. Tabata, 21—47. Weinheim Wiley-VCH. 

Thermal microscopy, reflectance thermometry and scanning optical thermometry measurement methods in micro- and nanodevices have been reviewed by Cahill et al. [59]. 

In recent years, the surfaces of polymer systems have been modified using SAMs, which is especially attractive for the fabrication of medical micro-and nanodevices due to excellent properties, including optimal flexibility. 

The FFM results demonstrate that two PLL-g-PEG-covered surfaces under aqueous solution show substantially reduced adhesion, when compared to bare surfaces, as well as displaying reduced AF/AL values. Thus, the macrotribological behavior of PLL-g-PEG is mirrored on the nanoscale, in terms of AF/AL, with the addition of an adhesion-reduction component, which could be significant for low-load systems such as micro- or nanodevices. The FFM results also imply that it is important for both surfaces to be covered with PLL-g-PEG in order for friction reduction to be effected, and thus it is likely to be the resistance to interpenetration of two brush-... 

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