Metropolitan statistical areas

This paper is divided into three sections. In the first section, we outline the conceptual basis for valuing material damages. The second section describes the data, the computations, and the economic damage estimates for four case-stu(fy Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs)l New Haven, Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and Portland, Maine. The last section summarizes the results and provides some perspective on the uncertainties in the analysis. 

The 65 locations are the 65 lairgest Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSA s). A computer program has been developed to perform these calculations for several types of technologies. The primary computer language used was PL/l with provisions for using FORTRAN in some of the cost calculations if desired. 

Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont, and the Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area that includes the District of Columbia. 

Environmental Surveillance Study (CHESS) and subsequent programs trying to link air pollution with human health effects. The second is the Cancer Mortality Atlas published by NCI in 1973 that identifies cancer incidence as a function of geographical distribution. As part of this effort, in-depth cancer statistics were also obtained by NCI on several Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSAs). 

Metropolitan statistical area (MSA) Sometimes known as standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSAs), MSAs are areas based on counties as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau that are cities of 50,000 or more population and the surrounding counties. Using data from the 1980 census, the FCC allocated two cellular licenses in each of the 305 MSAs in the U.S. 

Other studies further indicate that the occurrence of endrin in the U.S. food supply is very low. In a 1990-91 FDA survey of pesticide residues in milk representing most of the U.S. supply consumed in metropolitan areas, endrin was detected at trace levels (0.0005-0.001 ppm [0.5-1.0 ppb]) in only 2 of 806 composite samples (one sample each from Atlanta, Georgia and Dover, Delaware) (Trotter and Dickerson 1993). In another statistically based FDA study in 1992-93, endrin was not found as a violative residue in any of 710 domestic or 949 imported pear samples (Roy et al. 1995). Endrin was not reported among the pesticides detected in a 1994 FDA survey of pesticide levels in 160 samples of catfish, crayfish, shrimp, trout, salmon, oysters, and various other species from important aquaculture areas of the United States (FDA 1995). Comparable results were found in similar studies conducted by the FDA in 1990-93 (FDA 1995). 

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