P-methylbutyric acid

METHYLBUTYLNTTROS.AMINE see MHW500 METHYL-N-BUTYLNITROSAMINE see MHW500 METHYL BUTYRATE see MHYOOO METHYL-n-BUTYRATE see MHYOOO 3-METH XBUTYRIC ACID see ISUOOO P-METHYLBUTYRIC ACID see ISUOOO... 

Methylbutanoic acid 3-Methylbutyric acid p-Methylbutyric acid... 

Methyl butyric acid. See Isovaleric acid, a-Methylbutyric acid. See 2-Methylbutyric acid P-Methylbutyric acid. See Isovaleric acid DL-2-Methylbutyric acid CAS 600-07-7 EINECS/ELINCS 209-982-7 UN 3265... 

Ganesan B, P Dobrowski, BC Weimer (2006) Identification of the leucine-to-2-methylbutyric acid catabolic pathway of Lactococcus lactis. Appl Environ Microbiol 72 4264-4273. 

Fechter, M.H., Gruber, K., Avi, M., Skranc, W., Schuster, C., Pbchlauer, P., Klepp, K.O. and Griengl, H., Stereoselective biocatalytic synthesis of (S)-2-hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid via substrate engineering by using thio-disguised precursors and oxynitrilase catalysis. Chem. Eur. J., 2007,13, 3369. 

Carboxylic acids, acyl chlorides, and sulfonyl chlorides used for deri-vatization of 4-aminophenylalanine and >-4-am i n op h e ny I a I a n i n e are as follows 5-hydantoinacetic acid, / ran, v - 4 - co t i n i n ec a r b o xy I i c acid, isonicotinic acid, 3-pyridinepropionic acid, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 2-butynoic acid, 2-pyrazinecarboxylic acid, cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 3-hydroxy-2-qui-noxaline carboxylic acid, 5-bromovaleric acid, propargyl chloroformate, 3,4-dimethoxybenzoyl chloride, 2-thiophenesulfonyl chloride, 3-thiophene-carboxylic acid, 2-thiophenecarboxylic acid, 2-methylbutyric acid, 2-thio-pheneacetyl chloride, benzoic acid, furylacrylic acid, 4-nitrophenyl acetic acid, 2,5-dimethoxyphenylacetic acid, p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, 4-(di-methylamino)phenylacetic acid, 3-indolepropionic acid, phenoxyacetic acid, 3-(dimethylamino)benzoic acid, cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, naphtha-lenesulfonyl chloride, 4-bromophenylacetic acid, 4-bromobenzoic acid, 2-phenoxybutyric acid, 3,4-dichlorophenylacetic acid, (l-naphthoxy)acetic acid. 

Hydrolysis of a-phenyl-j8-methylbutyronitrile (p. 252) by the above procedure gives the amide, m.p. 111-112°. In order to complete hydrolysis of the acid, a mixture of 10 g. (0.063 mole) of the nitrile, 20 g. (0.35 mole) of potassium hydroxide, and 50 g. of amyl alcohol is refluxed for 6 hours. Work-up of the reaction mixture as described above gives a-phenyl- -methylbutyric acid, m.p. 61-62°. 

The structural feature of these compounds is the hexahydronaphthalene ring system which is functionalized with a-methylbutyric acid ester and a P-hydroxy-8-lactone linked by an ethylene bridge. The p-hydroxy-8-lactone portion of these compounds can be easily opened, and it is converted to the 3, 5 -dihydroxyheptanoic acid [22]. This hydroxy acid portion of their structures, which resembles the HMG portion of the HMG-CoA, is responsible for the activity, and it is known to interact competitively with the HMG binding domain of the enzyme active site [37]. 

Bromo-4-methylbutyric acid 556 Isovaleric acid (8.6 moles dehydrated by azeotropic distillation with benzene), bromine (1500 g dried by shaking with 11 of concentrated H2S04), and PC13 (15 ml) are heated at 70-80° until the deep red color of bromine has disappeared from the condenser (10-20 h). More bromine (25 ml) is added and heating continued to disappearance of the red color, the oil bath temperature is raised slowly to 100-105° and kept there for 1.5-2 h, and the mixture is distilled in a vacuum. The fraction of b.p. 110-125°/ 15 mm (87.5-88.6%) is used for preparation of DL-valine. 

The products of the reactions of carbon monoxide with w-propyl alcohol and n-butyl alcohol, respectively, consisted mainly of isobutyric acid (m.p. and mixed m.p. of p-toluidide 104-105°) and 2-methylbutyric acid (m.p. and mixed m.p. of anilide 108-109°, m.p. of p-toluidide, 92-93°) and small... 

The nickel iodide-silica gel catalyst which was highly active at a given temperature and pressure became progressively deactivated when exposed to the same temperature at atmospheric pressure. Thus, in three successive experiments carried out at 230° and 6000-p.s.i.g. pressure, with the same sample of the catalyst the yields decreased in the order 41.0,24.6, and 16.4 % in the case of isobutyric acid, and in the order 38.4, 20.1, and 12.6% in the case of 2-methylbutyric acid, when the catalyst was exposed to the reaction temperature at atmospheric pressure for a few hours at the conclusion of each run. However, the addition of a few drops of cold water on the surface of the partly deactivated catalyst was found to restore its original activity completely. It was found possible to maintain the activity of the catalyst indefinitely in the presence of a small quantity of water, provided the... 

Dialkylamino acids, C -dialkylamino acids, amino acids bearing two alkyl substituents at the a-carbon atom. Examples are the naturally occurring amino acids diethylglycine (Deg), a-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib), or isovaline (Iva, 2-amino-2-methylbutyric acid). Such amino acids are often incorporated into peptides to study the conformational requirements of receptors, and are used as building blocks for the stabilization of short peptides in a well-defined conformation, depending on the nature of the two substituents attached to the C -carbon. 3io-Hdices are stabilized by the incorporation of Aib and other C -dialkyl-substituted building blocks [P. Balaram, T. S. Sudha, Int.J. Pept. Protein Res. 1983, 21, 381 I. L. Karle, Biopolymers 1996, 40,157 B. Pispisa et al.. Biopolymers 2000, 53,169]. 

Alkaline hydrolysis of germerine yields the alkamine germine, D-(—)-o-methylbutyric acid, [ ]d — 22°, —25 (water), and (-l-)-o-hydroxy-a-methylbutyric acid, m.p. 72-73°, [a]o + 4.4° (water). With baryta at 40° it yields protoveratridine on partial hydrolysis and ultimately germine (19, 51). 

PROPERTIES AND DERIVATIVES. Germidine, Cj4H6 OioN, is dimorphic and melts at 198-200° or 230-231° (dec.) (dil. ethanol) [a]o + 13 (chloroform), —11° (pyridine) thiocyanate, m.p. 242-244 (dec.) (dil. methanol). Alkaline hydrolysis of germidine gave rise to germine and a mixture of acetic and d-(—)-a-methylbutyric acid, which were obtained in the form of their p-phenylphenacyl esters (19). 

Synonyms Ethyl 3-methyl butyrate Ethyl p-methylbutyrate Isovaleric acid ethyl ester 3-Methylbutanoic acid ethyl ester 3-Methylbutyric acid, ethyl ester... 

Synonyms (Z)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl ester isovaleric acid 3,7-Dimethyl-2-cis-6-octadien-1-yl isovalerate cis-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl 3-methylbutanoate 3-Methylbutyric acid, 3,7-dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl ester Neryl isovalerianate Neryl-p-methyl butyrate Empirical C15H26O2... 

Synonyms Benzylcarbinyl 2-methylbutyrate Butanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-phenylethyl ester Butyric acid, 2-methyl-, phenethyl ester 2-Methylbutyric acid, phenethyl ester p-Phenylethyl a-methylbutanoate Phenylethyl 2-methylbutyrate 2-Phenylethyl 2-methyl butyrate Classification Aromatic ester Empirical C13H18O2... 

Methyl p-t-butylphenylacetate 2-Methylbutyraldehyde Methyl butyrate 2-Methylbutyric acid Methyl caproate... 

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