Methyl alcohol dielectric constant

Colorless gas pungent suffocating odor gas density 2.927 g/L at 20°C heavier than air, vapor density 2.263 (air=l) condenses to a colorless liquid at -10°C density of liquid SO2 1.434 g/mL freezes at -72.7°C critical temperature 157.65°C critical pressure 77.78 atm critical volume 122 cc/g dielectric constant 17.27 at -16.5°C dissolves in water forming sulfurous acid, solubility 22.97 g and 11.58 g/lOOmL water at 0° and 20°C, respectively, under atmospheric pressure very soluble in acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, acetic acid, and alcohol soluble in sulfuric acid liquid SO2 slightly miscible in water. 

D. L. Chapman, for potassium tri-iodide. 0. Gropp measured the effect of temp, on the conductivity of solid and frozen soln. of sodium iodide. For the effect of press, on the electrical properties, vide alkali chlorides. A. Reis found the free energy for the separation of the ions of K1 to be 144 lrilogrm. cals, per mol. for iN al, 158 Lil, 153 and for HI, 305. S. W. Serkofi 35 measured the conductivity of lithium iodide in methyl alcohol P. Walden, of sodium iodide in acetonitrile P. Dutoit in acetone, benzonitrite, pyridine, acetophenone. J. C. Philip and H. R. Courtman, B. B. Turner, J. Fischler, and P. Walden of potassium iodide in methyl or ethyl alcohol J. C. Philip and H. P. Courtman in nitromethane P. Dutoit in acetone. H. C. Jones, of rubidium iodide in formamide. S. von Lasczynsky and S. von Gorsky, of potassium and sodium iodides in pyridine. A. Heydweiller found the dielectric constants of powdered and compact potassium iodide to be respectively 3 00 and 5 58. 

It was found in transesterification of ethyl acrylate in the liquid phase over a non-porous KU-2 catalyst [464], that the structure of the alcohol influenced the value of the limiting sorption of alcohol by the ion exchanger, the logarithm of this value being a linear function of the dielectric constant of the alcohol. As the second-order rate coefficients yielded the same sequence as the limiting sorption values, viz. allyl alcohol > 1-butanol > 3-methyl-l-butanol, Filippov et al. [464] assumed a relation between the dielectric constant and the reactivity of the alcohols. 

A number of eases of satisfactory agreement with theoretical requirements have been found in methyl alcohol solutions this is particularly the case for the chlorides and thiocyanates of the alkali metals. Other electrolytes, such as nitrates, tetralkyl-ammonium salts and salts of higher valence types, however, exhibit appreciable deviations. These discrepancies become more marked the lower the dielectric constant of the medium, especially if the latter is noii-hydroxylic in character. The conductance of potassium iodide has been determined in a number of solvents at 25 and the experimental and calculated slopes of the plots of A against Vc arc quoted in Table XXV,... 

The factor A in equation (123) is proportional to 1/(D T), as shown on page 150 hence, a further test of this equation is to determine the slope of the plot of log S/So against Vy from Solubility data at different temperatures and in media of different dielectric constants. Such measurements have been made in water at 75° (D = 63.7), in mixtures of water and ethyl alcohol (D = 33.8 to 78.6), in methyl alcohol (D = 30), in acetone (D = 21), and in ethylene chloride D = 10.4). The results have been found in all cases to be in very fair agreement with the requirements of the Debye-Huckel limiting law as may be expected, appreciable discrepancies occur when the saturating salt is of a high valence type, especially in the presence of added ions of high valence. ... 

ARna 12 148 ARb 12 282 AA.,, 0 773 AA 0 472. The molecular heat of combustion at constant volume is 430,800 calories, and work on the dielectric constant has been carried out by Matthews, and studies of the absorption spectra by Crymble. The complex MeHg- has been isolated by electrolysing methyl mercuric halides in liquid ammonia solution. It forms a fine black deposit on the cathode, and may be obtained in the form of flakes if the process be carried out in water or alcohol solution. The latter form appears to be more stable than the former, which decomposes into mercury and... 

Alcohols resemble water as solvents but have much smaller dielectric constants, 32 for methyl and 25 for ethyl alcohol against 78 for water. For equilibria such as... 

There is inevitably some doubt about the existence of octahedral as opposed to tetrahedral complexes in neutral solutions of FeCl3 since the peak at 2-25 A can be interpreted either in terms of tetrahedral coordination of Fe " by Cl (Fe-Cl, 2-25 A) or as the mean of 4 Fe-0 (2-07 A) and 2 Fe-Cl (2-30 A) in octahedral complexes of the type that exist in the crystalline hexahydrate (q.v.). On the other hand there seems to be no doubt about the existence of FeCl in dilute solutions containing excess Cl ions or of Fe2Cl6 molecules in non-aqueous solvents oflow dielectric constant such as methyl alcohol. 

Catalytic supercritical water oxidation is an important class of solid-catalyzed reaction that utilizes advantageous solution properties of supercritical water (dielectric constant, electrolytic conductance, dissociation constant, hydrogen bonding) as well as the superior transport properties of the supercritical medium (viscosity, heat capacity, diffusion coefficient, and density). The most commonly encountered oxidation reaction carried out in supercritical water is the oxidation of alcohols, acetic acid, ammonia, benzene, benzoic acid, butanol, chlorophenol, dichlorobenzene, phenol, 2-propanol (catalyzed by metal oxide catalysts such as CuO/ZnO, Ti02, MnOz, KMn04, V2O5, and Cr203), 2,4-dichlorophenol, methyl ethyl ketone, and pyridine (catalyzed by supported noble metal catalysts such as supported platinum). ... 

The Conductance of Strong Electrolytes in Methyl and Ethyl Alcohol. Careful studies of the conductances of electrolytes in methyl and ethyl alcohol have been carried out by Hartley and associates.3 A plot of the equivalent conductance, A, values for a series of sulplio-cyanates in methyl alcohol as functions of the square root of the concentration are given in Pig. 1 It will be seen that the plots are all straight lines as required by Onsager s equation for uni-univalent electrolytes, equation (18), Chapter 18. Since methyl alcohol at 25° has a dielectric constant of 31.5 4 and a viscosity of 0.00545 poise, that equation takes the form ... 

Dipole moment 1.83-1.90. Dielectric constant (25 ) 51.7. Latent heal of fusion (mp) 3.025 kcal/mole latent heat of vaporization (bp) 9760 kcal/mole (calc), Crit temp 38Diacidic base. K, (25°) about 9 X 10 7. Forms salts with inorganic acids. Highly polar solvent. Powerful reducing agent. Dissolves many inorganic substances. Misc with water, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isobutyl alcohols. Forms an azeotropic mixture with water, bp 40 120.3°, which contains 55 mole-% (68.5 weight-%) NjH,. LD,g in mice (mg/kg) 57 i.v. 59 orally (Witkin),... 

The influence of structure on molecular association in the alcohols was shown by Smyth (24), who determined the dielectric constant and molar polarization of 22 isomeric octanols in the pure state. Only general conclusions can be drawn from these results. As Smyth says, associations in which the dipoles reinforce each other, giving high P and e, seem to occur when the OH group is at the end of a long C chain and remote from a branch in the chain—i.e., when linear multimer formation is most favored. When the OH group is in the middle of the chain and there is also branching at that point as in 4-methyl-4-heptanol, P is approximately half the value for 1-octanol, as would be expected if cyclic multimers predominate. 

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