MRSA methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

As recently as 1970, only about 30 naturally occurring organohalogen compounds were known. It was simply assumed that chloroform, halogenated phenols, chlorinated aromatic compounds called PCBs, and other such substances found in the environment were industrial pollutants. Now, only a third of a century later, the situation js quite different. More than 5000 organohalogen compounds have been found to occur naturally, and tens of thousands more surely exist. From a simple compound like chloromethane to an extremely complex one like vancomycin, a remarkably diverse range of organohalogen compounds exists in plants, bacteria, and animals. Many even have valuable physiological activity. Vancomycin, for instance, is a powerful antibiotic produced by the bacterium Amycolatopsis orientalis and used clinically to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). 

Problems of recent years involving listeriosis, salmonellosis, giardiasis and Legionnaire s disease have received attention, as have the re-emergence of tuberculosis and the importance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). 

Infections acquired from an external source are referred to as exogenous infections. These infections may occur as a result of human-to-human transmission, contact with exogenous bacterial populations in the environment, and animal contact. Resistant pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. 

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a common hospital-acquired pathogen and is also increasing in the community. MRSA has presented a problem in the past because it required treatment with vancomycin. Community-acquired MRSA presents a major therapeutic challenge. MRSA can cause pneumonia, cellulitis, and other infections. Clinicians should be aware of the rate of hospital and community MRSA in your geographic area. New treatment options are available for MRSA. They include linezolid, tigecycline, and daptomycin. Prospective clinical trials have not demonstrated benefits of these agents over vancomycin.36-37... 

Reduce Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection... by reliably implementing scientifically proven infection control practices... 

The bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, which is a major cause of infection in the developed countries, is now resistant to most antibiotics. It is usually present on the skin, where it causes no problems, but it can invade the body through cuts and wounds, including those caused by surgery. These bacteria are now prevalent in many hospitals, so that infection is a major problem for the medical staff in hospitals. The resistant bacterium is known as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). It is also known in the mass media as the super bug . Penicillin kiUs bacteria because the P-lactam group in the antibiotic inhibits a reaction that is essential for bacterial ceU wall production. Consequently, the bacteria cannot proliferate. Resistance to penicillin in many bacteria is due to production of an enzyme, p-lactamase, that degrades P-lactams. The antibiotic methicillin is one of a group of semisynthetic penicillins in which the P-lactam group is not... 

Some of the organotin-containing polymers inhibit Candias albicans, the yeast responsible for infections in humans better than commercially available applications while leaving the normal flora unharmed. Others inhibit methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (structure 11.22), preferentially. 

The introduction of a fluorine atom at the C-l methyl group in the thiazetoquinolone 223 should enhance the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity against various bacteria including quinolone-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and also improve its bioavailability <1999CPB1765>. 

Staphylococcus aureus MRSA ATCC BAA-44. The initial concentration of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was 6.0xl06 cfu/ml. After contact with the silver composition, there were 500,000 cfu/ml detected after 10 minutes contact (91.6% killed), 70,000 cfu/ml after 30 minutes contact (98.8% killed), 30,000 cfu/ml after 1 hour contact (99.5% killed), and fewer than 10 cfu/ml after one day contact (virtually total kill). 

Using this probe library, a virulence-associated secretory antigen, SsaA2 from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was identified [20]. 

Vancomycin (1, Figures 1.2 and 1.3) is a glycopeptide antibiotic with high activity against Gram-positive bacteria and is particularly renowned for its activity against the feared methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) species [lb]. Vancomycin is produced by Amycolatopsis orientalis, a bacterium originally found in a soil... 

Cephalosporins have been classified as first, second or third generation, largely on the basis of bacterial susceptibility patterns and resistance to p-lactamases (Figure 30.8). [Note They are ineffective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Listeria monocytogenes. Clostridium diffidle and the enterococci.]... 

---