Methacrylates Production

Ethylene-based ionomers, 14 482 Ethylene-based (C-2) process, for methyl methacrylate production, 16 244, 252-254... 

Close to 2 billion pounds of polymeric products based on acrylic and methacrylic esters are produced annually in the United States, about evenly divided between acrylates and methacrylates. A substantial fraction of the methacrylate products are copolymers. Most of the acrylate products are copolymers. The copolymers contain various combinations of acrylate and/or methacrylate monomers, including combinations of ester and acid monomers. Methyl methacrylate (MMA) is by far the most important methacrylate ester monomer, accounting for 90% of the volume of methacrylic ester monomers. Ethyl and n-butyl acrylates account for about 80% of the total volume of acrylate ester monomers. 

Methyl Methacrylate, Product Focus, Chemical Week, 164 (43), pg. 32, October 30, 2002. 

The major uses for hydrogen cyanide are in nylon and methyl methacrylate production (ATSDR 1997). It also is used in electroplating and mining and as an insecticide and rodenticide for fumigating enclosed spaces (e.g., ships and buildings) (ACGIH 1996 ATSDR 1997). 

Vinylpyridine Oligomers. Oligomerizations of 2-vinylpyridine are closely related to polymerizations of methacrylates. Products formed by initiation using lithium and sodium salts of 2-ethylpyridine in THF at —78 °C are predominantly (>95%) isotactic. Methylation of 1,3-di(2-pyridyl)butane anion with... 

The methyl ester of methacrylic add (CH2=C(CH3)—COOH) is used to produce vinyl polymers used as cast sheets, molding and extrusion powders and coatings, besides being used in various copolymers. Poly(methyl methacrylate) production currently stands at over 2.8 million tons per year on a worldwide scale. 

The photochemical Fries rearrangement for 2-naphthyl acetate has been studied in poly(methyl methacrylate) . Products were produced which acted as quenchers and prevented further product formation. 

Fig. 11.17. Methyl methacrylate production from acetone and hydrogen cyanide. 

As a glue for methyl methacrylate products and As a laboratory reagent. 

METHACRYLIC PRODUCTS VAPOR PHASE OXID. t-BUTANOL ARCO HALCON... 

At one time it was felt that C4 oxidation technology would be the most probable basis for new methyl methacrylate production [14]. This technology would require isobutylene or f-butyl alcohol available as byproducts from ethylene production or from the Oxirane process (Scheme 2.5) used for the manufacture of propylene oxide. 

The first epoxy dimethacrylate, known as bis-GMA (2,2-bfs(4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropoxy)phenyl)-propane) [CAS 1565-94-2] (Fig. 6), was developed by Bowen in 1956. bis-GMA is manufactured from DGEBA and methacryUc acid or bisphenol A and glycidyl methacrylate (Bowen 1962 Jolanki et al. 1995). Analyses have shown that epoxy di(methacrylate) products may contain DGEBA as an impurity (Kanerva et al. 1989 Henriks-Eckerman and Kanerva 1997). bis-GA (2,2-bfs[4-(2-hydroxy-3-acryloxypropoxy)phenyl]-... 

Poly(acrylates) and poly(methacrylates) are commercially important polymers with a myriad of uses, including paper and textile coatings, adhesives, caulks and sealants, plasticizers, paint and ink additives, and optical components for computer displays. Since they are derived from monosubsti-tuted and unsymmetrical 1,1-disubstituted vinyl monomers, poly(acrylate) and poly(methacrylate) products with a spectrum of tacticities and thereby mechanical properties are potentially accessible. To date, however, industrially produced materials are generated using free-radical polymerization technology, which offers limited scope for tacticity control. Therefore, there has been much interest in the development of metal-catalyzed routes to these polymers where the coordination environment of the metal offers the potential to influence tacticity. 

Poly(meth)acrylates is an important group of industrial products, which have found various applications in many fields such as construction materials, coatings, and adhesives. [1] For example, in the United States nearly one million tons of polymeric products based on acrylic and methacrylic esters are produced each year and the acrylates and methacrylates account for about evenly half. [2] A substantial fraction of the methacrylate products are copolymers, which contain various combinations of methacrylate and/or acrylate monomers. The trade names for acrylate and methacrylate polymeric products include Acrylite, Dicalite, Lucite, Plexiglas, and Rhoplex. 

Commercial production [462] of methacrylates began in 1933 from acetone cyanhydrine, and this is still the basis for essentially all current commercial methacrylate production. The basic materials - acetone, hydrogen eyanide, and sulfuric acid - are available. In the first step, which needs anhydrous materials and conditions, methacrylamide sulfate is formed. The presence of water would form a-hydroxyisobutyramide as the main product. In the second step, methacrylamide sulfate is hydrolyzed by an excess of water to give methacrylic acid. 

Consequently, the intermolecular interactions of the blends of cellulose alkyl esters, such as cellulose acetate and cellulose butyrate, with different polymers have been investigated, the conclusions of such studies being that the miscibility state in the cellulose ester/poly[(N-vinylpyrrolidone)-co-(vinyl acetate)] or poly[(N-vinylpyrrolidone)-co-(methyl methacrylate)] product is due to the balance among different attractive interaction based on [132] ... 

Water-rich acids (e.g., methyl methacrylate production spent acid) often have part of their water vacuum-evaporated before they are sent to the H2SO4 decomposition furnace (De Dietrich, 2012 Outotec, 2008). This decreases ... 

---