Methacrylamide derivatives

Numerous other derivatives could be prepared from 4 or Its 2-carbon shorter homolog and commercially available acid chlorides, or via direct addition of the amines to appropriate Isocyanates. Lower cost synthetic routes leading to the methacrylamide derivative or to 1 from acrylate esters have also been demonstrated (A. F. Nordquist, unpublished results). 

Comparing the reactivity ratios of the DADMAC/AAM copolymerization with results of the copolymerization of other cationic monomers with AAM, significant differences can be identified. The differences between rx and r2 are much lower, and the cationic monomer even reacts preferentially during the copolymerization. As an example, for cationic methacrylic esters and methacrylamid derivatives, 1 nonideal copolymerization preferring the cationic component. For the cationic analogs of acrylic acid and acrylamide, 0.34azeotropic copolymerization, preferring the cationic monomer only at low content in the comonomer mixture. 

In 1974 Blaschke and coworkers introduced new polymer-type CSP materials prepared by suspension polymerization of methacrylamides derived from chiral amines and amino acid esters [187-189]. These CSPs were initially produced in the form of self-supporting beads. However, difficulties arising from extreme polymer swelling and poor mechanical strength prompted later the development of si-hca-supported composite materials with more favorable chromatographic performance characteristics [190]. These improved versions of the CSPs have been com-... 

Reiser asserts that in some resist fomulations, the DNQ is directly attached to the phenolic resin, as is the case in the methacrylamide derivative shown in structure (V). This resist has found application in multilayer systems where the diffusion of the inhibitor into adjacent resist layers cannot he tolerated. However, this resist has poor thermal stahility. 

Scheme 5.3 Polymeric food colorant of methacrylamide derivative [21, 22]...

Figure 29a shows an ESR spectrum of the polymerization mixture obtained when N-phenylmethacrylamide (NPMAm) was photo-polymerized at room temperature in benzene by using DBPO as sensitizer. The five line spectrum is characteristic of the propagating polymer radicals stemming from methacrylamide derivatives. 

Fig. 11 (a-g) Weak polycations without steiic stabilizer PMMA and methacrylamide derivatives... 

Macromolecular azo dyes which behave as photochromic polyelectrolytes have been reported where -aminoazobenzene dyes (VI and VII) are converted to the corresponding acrylamide and methacrylamide derivatives and are copolymerized with acrylic and methacrylic acids. 

Methacrylamide derivatives containing carboxyl and phenyl groups were synthesized by condensation of methacryloyl chloride and aniline derivatives in the presence of aqueous alkali according to Scheme 2 [6] ... 

In a different approach, DOX was linked to the core of core-cross-linked polymeric micelles through a HYD Unkage (Talelli et al., 2010b). This was accomplished by the incorporation into the micellar core of a DOX methacrylamide derivative (DOX-MA) containing a HYD bond by free radical polymerization. Almost 100% DOX release was demonstrated upon 24 hours of incubation at pH 5 and 37°C, whereas only 5% was released at pH 7.4. In vitro, these micelles showed increased cytotoxicity in B16F10 and... 

Kuo, S.-W. et al. (2011) Substituent-induced delocalization effects on hydrogen-bonding interaction in poly(N-phenyl methacrylamide) derivatives. Polymer, 52 (12), 2600-2608. 

With the object to obtain an effective and selective extracting material and also to investigate the dependence of the selectivity in the cation binding on the copolymer composition, we have prepared the methacrylamide derivatives of 15-crown-5 Q) and 18-crown-6 U) and their homopol3nners and copolymers with methyl methacrylate (MMA) with various crown monomer compositions. Cation binding properties of these polymers were evaluated by the extraction of alkali metal picrates into methylene chloride. 

The data are qualitatively parallel with those reported in the case of polystyrene derivatives, however, they differ in that the methacrylamide derivatives extract much more effectively than the polystyrene derivatives. One of the reasons for the high extracta-bility of the methacrylamide derivatives s ascribed to their higher partition coefficients in agugous phase. The e tgactions by the derivatives of polyacrylate and polyacrylamide showed the same tendencies, although the extractions were carried out in a chloroform-water system. 

Selective methacrylation of the three OHs in chohc acid have been studied and the reactivity order is found to be C3 > C12 > C7 [213]. Attempts have also been made to improve the hydrophilicity of the bile acid-based (co)polymer conjugates and to explore their properties and potential application in aqueous systems. The OH at C3 position has been turned into NH2 and the methacrylamide derivatives of bile acids have been compared with methacrylate derivatives. The former are found to undergo more feasible (free radical) polymerization resulting in more hydro-phihc polymer [214, 215]. The stereoisomerism of the polymerizable moieties has also been studied. The 3p-epimers are found to polymerize more easily than 3a-epimers moreover, the polymer of the 3(3-epimers presents higher hydrophilicity. Further increased hydrophilicity is achieved by copolymerization with hydrophilic monomers, i.e., methacrylic acid and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and by selective... 

Syntheses of N-Substituted Acrylamide and Methacrylamide Derivatives and Phase Transition Temperature of Polymers Obtained... 

By means of a ring-opening polymerization of the condensation type Vlasov et al. [50] synthesized polypeptide based MAIs with azo groups in the polymeric backbone. The method is based on the reaction of a hydracide derivative of AIBN and a N-carboxy anhydride. Containing one central azo group in the polymer main chain, the polymeric azo initiator was used for initiating block copolymerizations of styrene and various methacrylamides. 

It should be noted that the manifestation of macro- and heteroreticulation is also observed for other carboxylic CP. A similar picture was obtained for weakly alkaline CP based on the derivatives of methacrylamide with HHTT [26]. 

Monomers like N-methylol acrylamide or N-methylol methacrylamide [1081] also have been suggested. Inhibitors can be phenol derivatives [1079] such as N-nitrosophenylhydroxylamine salt [1179]. 

A potential method for the preparation of novel amino acids via the highly selective addition of radicals to the glyoxylic oxime derivative of Oppolzer s camphor sultam (88) has been reported.181 Both Lewis acid and non-Lewis acid-mediated reaction conditions for the addition of alkyl radicals generated from alkyl iodides and Et3B/Bu3SnH were examined. A new chiral auxiliary based upon (R,R)-2,5-diphenylpyiTolidine has been used in the addition of phenylthiyl radicals to unsaturated methacrylamides. The selectivity was found to be better than that reported for the structurally related 2,5-dimethylpyrrolidine derivative.182... 

The analogous transients of acetophenone and fluorenone have been observed (Adams et al., 1964,1967b) as well as that formed from thiobar-bituric acid (Gordon, 1964). The negative-ion derivatives of acrylamide, methacrylamide and acrylonitrile may be considered as further examples of (R1.CO.R2)- (Dainton, 1967). The electron transfer from (CH3. CO. CH3) to acetophenone has been found to proceed at a rate of 8 x 108 m" sec-1 (Adams et al., 1967a). The same species has been found to react efficiently with bromoacetate and bromopropionate ions, and this reaction, which is probably an electron-transfer process, results in a quantitative debromination of the bromaliphatic compounds (Anbar and Neta, 1967c). The electron adduct of benzoquinone was found to react very rapidly with water to form the semiquinone (Adams and Michael, 1967). 

Substitution of the proton by methyl in acrylic monomers is not accompanied by reduced reactivity of the methylated derivative. Bolshakov et al. have shown that the low rate of, for example, methacrylate or methacrylamide polymerizations at temperatures of 100-120 K in melting ethanol is caused by the low reactivity of the resulting active centres [129],... 

A series of sulfobetaine monomers derived from N,N-dialkylaminophenyl-methacrylamide were synthesized using conventional pathways and polymerized to give polymers 30 (Scheme 7). The NMR spectra and solution properties were compared with those of 31 and the corresponding cationic polyelectrolytes [68,69]. 

Copolymers of methyl methacrylate and styrene (and other monomers) are made with acrylamide or methacrylamide and then post-reacted with formaldehyde and alcohols to yield the A-alkoxymethyl derivative of the acrylamide unit ... 

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