Acrylamide substituted

Bunemann, H. Dattagupta, N. Schuetz, H. J. MuUer, W. Synthesis and properties of acrylamide-substituted base pair specific dyes for deoxyribonucleic acid template mediated synthesis of dye polymers. Biochemistry 1981, 20, 2864-2874. 

Intensive efforts have been carried out at Dow Corning with the objective of producing acrylamide substituted polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS). Thus, various processes have been developed to react acryloyl chloride with aminosiloxanes or aminosilanes as shown below (75, IS, 19) ... 

Secondary amines give only a monosubstituted product. Both of these reactions are thermally reversible. The product with ammonia (3,3, 3 -nitrilottispropionamide [2664-61-1C H gN O ) (5) is frequently found in crystalline acrylamide as a minor impurity and affects the free-radical polymerisation. An extensive study (8) has determined the stmctural requirements of the amines to form thermally reversible products. Unsymmetrical dialkyl hydrasines add through the unsubstituted nitrogen in basic medium and through the substituted nitrogen in acidic medium (9)). 

Acrylamide—acrylic polymers are made by free-radical polymerization of monomers containing the acryHc stmcture, where R is —H or —CH and is —NH2 or a substituted amide or the alkoxy group of an ester. 

The hterature notes many other polyamide hoUow fibers, none of which have achieved significant commercial success. Included in this category are such polymers (some of which are cross-linked) as piperazinamides, hydrazine, substituted acrylamide, and modified and grafted nylons. 

The Vilsmeier cyclisation of acetanilides by the conventional methods described above often requires long reaction times and elevated temperatures. Moreover, only activated acetanilides react efficiently to afford 2-chloro-3-substituted-quinolines strongly deactivated systems afford mainly amidine 5 or acrylamide 6. ... 

Cotton linters and viscose grade wood pulp were partially xanthated under different conditions to study the effect of the degree of substitution on the acrylamide grafting of these pulps. Sodium hydroxide solutions of 2%, 4%, and 6% were used and the vapor phase xantha-tion process was applied for 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 h for... 

Cotton linters and viscose grade wood pulp were partially acetylated and carboxymethylated. The samples were grafted under the same conditions with acrylamide. Grafting yield and efficiency depend on several factors, such as the kind of pulp, chemical and physical structure, type of the introduced substituent, and degree of substitution (DS). 

Acrylic acid terpolymers have appeared on the market in recent years. With their broad spectrum of functions, they offer the potential for excellent waterside conditions. In particular, the terpolymers have proved to be very effective particulate iron oxides dispersants and colloidal iron stabilizers. Examples include acrylic acid/sulfonic acid/sodium styrene sulfonate (AA/SA/SSS), such as Good-Rite K781, K797, K798. A further example is acrylic acid/ sulfonic acid/substituted acrylamide (AA/SA/NI), such as Acumer 3100. 

Acrylic add/sulfonic acid/sodium styrene sulfonate 447 Acrylic add/sulfonic acid/substituted acrylamide 447... 

AA/SA AA/SA/NI AA/SA/SSS sulfonate (polymer) aciylic acid/sulfonic acid aciylic acid/sulfonic acid/ nonionic (polymer) aciylic acid/sulfonic acid/sodium styrene sulfonate acrylic acid/sulfonic acid/substituted acrylamide (polymer)... 

A thio-substituted, quaternary ammonium salt can be synthesized by the Michael addition of an alkyl thiol to acrylamide in the presence of benzyl trimethyl ammonium hydroxide as a catalyst [793-795]. The reaction leads to the crystallization of the adducts in essentially quantitative yield. Reduction of the amides by lithium aluminum hydride in tetrahydrofuran solution produces the desired amines, which are converted to desired halide by reaction of the methyl iodide with the amines. The inhibitor is useful in controlling corrosion such as that caused by CO2 and H2S. 

Most recently new applications for substrate-controlled branched-selective hydroformylation of alkenes substituted with inductively electron-with drawing substituents have emerged. A recent example is the hydroformylation of acrylamide with a standard rhodium/triphenylphosphine catalyst, which yields the branched aldehyde exclusively (Scheme 4) [40]. Reduction of the aldehyde function furnishes 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropionamide, which is an intermediate en route to methyl methacrylate. 

The polymer-water interaction parameter (%) of cross-linked alkyl-substituted acrylamides is a function of temperature. The degree of swelling increases as % decreases. Thermodynamic parameters for interpreting the LCST phenomenon are described elsewhere [32], Figure 10 is the plot of % versus tempera-... 

Table 3 Poly(AQV-Alkyl-Substituted Acrylamides) for the Study of Alkyl Group Effects on Thermosensitivity in Aqueous Swelling... 

YH Bae, T Okano, SW Kim. Temperature dependence of swelling of crosslinked poly(N,N-alkyl substituted acrylamides) in water. J Polym Sci B 28 923-936, 1990. 

Furthermore, the EU regularly produces and regularly updates the list of substances of high concern, i.e. the SVHC list. The identification of a substance as a SVHC and its inclusion in the candidate list is the first step of the authorization procedure. The European Chemical Agency in Helsinki identifies from the candidate list priority substances to be included in Annex XIV of REACH (the authorisation list). The substances on the candidate list will most probably be liable to stricter regulation in the future (authorisation/banning) which will stimulate the substitution of these chemicals. Currently in June 2012, there are 84 substances included in the candidate list. Examples of chemicals on the candidate list which may be relevant for the leather industry are phenolphthalein, boric acid, cobalt dichloride, dichromate (although not used by leather industry), phthalates (DEHP, DBP and BBP), acrylamide and short-chain chlorinated paraffins. 

A common method to synthesize pyridazines remains the inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder cycloaddition of 1,2,4,5-tetrazines with electron rich dienophiles. [4 + 2]-Cycloadditions of disubstituted 1,2,4,5-tetrazine 152 with butyl vinyl ether, acrylamide, phenylacetylene, and some enamines were performed to obtain fully substituted pyridazines 153 . This reaction was accelerated by electron withdrawing groups, and is slowed by electron donating groups, R1 and R2on the tetrazine. 

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