Metallic cartridges

FIGURE 5-3. Expanded metal cartridge flame arrester element details. (Source Westech Industrial Ltd.)... 

Expanded metal cartridge flame arresters are available for deflagration and detonation applications and are designed for bidirectional flow. 

Snccessful full-scale tests on quenching of deflagrations and detonations using expanded metal cartridge flame arresters were performed to USCG standards on Group C and D gases by Westech Industrial Ltd. (Lapp 1992, Lapp and Vickers 1992). 

Polyvinylacetate. A thermoplastic primarily used as a binder in non-metallic cartridge cases (see Mil Spec below)... 

Polyvinylacetate aq emulsion for use as a binder in non-metallic cartridge cases is covered by US Mil Spec, Polyvinyl Acetate Aqueous Emulsion (PAAE) (For use in Ammunition) , MIL-P-50855(MU) (31 March 1971). The requirements and criteria are in Table 1... 

At first the cap was placed on a nipple, which was pierced with a hole communicating direct-lt with the propelling charge of BkPdr, and the cap was struck with a hammer mounted above and behind it. Such cap was used at the time when no metallic cartridge were known... 

Paper cartridges were not replaced by metallic cartridges provided with caps until the beginning of the middle of the 19th century (See under year 1805)... 

Wesson developed a successful metallic cartridge for revolvers. Further development of cartridges and their construction are described in Vol 2 of Encycl, pp C73 to C76... 

I. Snail Arms Ammunition(SAA), which includes various kinds of bullets to be fired by propellants enclosed in metallic cartridges... 

Zebel. Patented in Ger in 1899 a metallic cartridge consisting of two compartments divided by a thin partition. In one of the compartments was a mixt of Ca carbide and Ba peroxide, while the other contained a dilute acid sdn. On breaking the partition, the acid reacted with the carbide and peroxide to form a mixt of acetylene and oxygen which immediately expld Ref Daniel (1902), 814... 

With the invention of metallic cartridges, it became possible to use breecb-loading rifles (see under Breech-loading Weapon in this Volume)... 

Schwartz, H. In 1894 patented a mining expl consisting of a two compartment metallic cartridge containing separately compressed ammonia and chlorine. By means of a mechanical device, or a small charge of expl, the partition was broken and the two gases combined with expl violence to form ammonium chloride (Ref I)... 

I. Small Arms Ammunition(SAA), which includes various kinds of bullets to be fired by propellants enclosed in metallic cartridges from weapons called "small arms and which are carried by one or two men. US small arms are weapons 0.60 inch or under in caliber and include riflesfexcept recoiless), semi-automatic rifles, automatic rifles, pistols, revolvers, carbines, machine guns and submachine guns. This category also includes shells used in shot gun and rifle grenades... 

The self-contained metallic cartridge is a relatively recent development in historical terms. Gunpowder has been in use as a firearms propellant for about 670 years, but the metallic cartridge is only about 160 years old. The modern self-contained metallic cartridge was perfected about 122 years ago and high-velocity types with smokeless powders were developed about 102 years ago.23... 

Until 1846 all attempts to develop a satisfactory fully self-contained cartridge shared a serious disadvantage. None of them effectively sealed the chamber at the time of discharge and consequently there was a rearward escape of gas resulting in a reduction in the efficiency of the system. This problem was solved by the introduction of the metallic cartridge case which momentarily expands during the discharge process and seals the chamber. 

The first recorded examples of fully self-contained completely metallic cartridges were the pinfire cartridges of the early 1850s. These consisted of a thin copper cartridge case with a striker pin projecting radially from the base end (brass came into general use in the 1870s and replaced copper as the case... 

Centerfire cartridges were produced by Pauly in 1808 but it was not until 1854 that the firm of Smith Wesson perfected and patented both the centerfire and rimfire metallic cartridge case. Since this time cartridge development has consisted of many small improvements, some resulting from advances in... 

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