Metal-Processing Industries

Surfactants are as important to the metal processing as to the mining industry. In order to perform as needed, metal surfaces must be cleaned and freed from deposits of oxides, oils, and other contaminants. Welding, painting, and other machining and surface treatments require a well-prepared surface. Even before that stage of 

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Uses. Alkah metal and ammonium fluoroborates are used mainly for the high temperature fluxing action required by the metals processing industries (see Metal surface treatments Welding). The tendency toward BF dissociation at elevated temperatures inhibits oxidation in magnesium casting and aluminum alloy heat treatment. 

The European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) has also adopted some of the apparatus designs (12) described in the USP, with some minor modifications in the specifications. Small but persistent differences between the two have their origin in the fact that the American metal processing industry, unlike the European, uses the imperial rather than the metric system. In the European Pharmacopeia, official dissolution testing apparatus for special dosage forms (medicated chewing gum, transdermal patches) have also been incorporated (Table 2 provides an overview of apparatus in Ph. Eur.). 

Inadvertent contact of molten aluminum and water may lead to an event termed a thermal explosion. These incidents may produce little vapor, but they are accompanied by sharp, local shocks which are potentially damaging to personnel and equipment. Although not a major problem to aluminum producers, they do occur in casting plants, and it is important that preventative measures be enforced. The same general comments apply to other metal processing industries such as steel and copper. 

AQUATECH Systems can help the metal processing industry ... 

The applications related to metals processing industry will be highlighted later in the paper. 

Holmes, D. S. 1988. Biotechnology in the mining and metal processing industries challenges and opportunities. Minerals and Metallurgical Processing. May, pp 49-56. 

The annual production of chromium (Cr) ores amounts to 10 million tons. Cr is used in the production of special steels in the metal-processing industry, for chromium coating in the galvanic industry, as a pigment and catalyst in the chemical industry, as a dye in the textile industry, for leather production in tanneries, and for the impregnation of products in the timber industry. The use of Cr-rich products has led to Cr accumulation in the environment. Local Cr exposure of soil and the environment can occur via sludge, water and air (Anke et al. 

Anthropogenic sources of Cd to the atmosphere include the metal processing industry (primarily smelting), waste incineration and fossil fuel combustion [6] (Fig. 3). A 1983 budget estimated that human activities accounted for 85% of Cd inputs to the atmosphere [7]. The namral sources to the atmosphere include volcanoes and wind-blown soil. Both natural and anthropogenic sources release Cd to the atmosphere as a component of aerosol particles. 

Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in the Ferrous Metals Processing Industry FMP... 

Bending is one of the most commonly used procedures in sheet metal processing industry and is used in different application areas. Also various profiled semifinished products with different cross-sectional shapes can be produced and further processed by bending. In addition to sheet metals, wires, strips, rods, tubes, profiles, and preformed components can be shaped by bending on various forming machines. 

Several electrochemically based methods are employed in the metals processing industry because of their ability to manufacture metal articles or components which are difficult or impossible to produce by traditional mechanical workshop techniques. The most important methods are electroforming and a group used for the controlled removal of metal, i.e. electrochemical machining, grinding and deburring. 

Utilization of nuclear energy and automation in the metal processing industry were supposed to be at the center of this "industrial turnover." It soon became apparent, however, that in these fields no quick success could be achieved, and the chemical industry moved into the focus of economic policy. 

Most Finnish principal companies in the field of forestry, chemical and metal process industries are taking care of corporate social responsibility (e.g. ISO 2010), sustainability policies (e.g. World Steel Association 2008) and practices. For example, World Steel Association (2014) states clearly that the most successfiil steel companies are also the safest. 

There is no doubt that the contamination of the atmosphere with trace elements which commonly occurs in industrial areas can have pronounced effects on biological systems, and Ruehling and Tyler [164] have discussed the depressant effect on the decomposition of spruce needle litter at a number of sites around two metal-processing industrial plants in central and south-eastern Sweden, emitting cadmium, copper, nickel and zinc, and cadmium, lead and nickel, respectively. Tyler has also reported inhibition of respiration rate and of phosphatase and urease activity in spruce mor, contaminated from a brass foundry in Sweden [165]. 

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