Timber industries

Resorcinol is to phenol as melamine is to urea. Resorcinol—formaldehyde (RF) is very expensive, produces dark and waterproof gluelines, but will cure at room temperature. As with melamine and urea, resorcinol is often combined with phenol to produce phenol—resorcinol—formaldehyde (PRF) adhesives, thus producing an exceUent adhesive with some of the economy of phenol. These adhesives are the mainstay of the laminated timber industry which generally requites a room-temperature cure with durable, waterproof gluelines. 

Particles from forest fires and combustion of timber industry waste 3-150... 

In conclusion, it is worthwhile to note that in 1970-71, when I started to be involved with tannin adhesives, there were no more than three laboratories, academic or industrial, conducting research on tannin adhesives. By 1986, I have had direct or indirect contact with 42 different laboratories in many countries that have carried out at some time, or are now carrying out, research on these bonding materials. The increase in industrial usage has also been fast but for various reasons has lagged behind the technical and scientific interest. However, after practically zero consumption in 1970, indications are that about 12,000 tons of exterior-grade tannin resin solids per year are now produced and consumed in the timber industry based on reliable information from several... 

Another example of the application of fermentation is the removal of organic compounds from exhaust air. Such biofilters are often trickle-bed reactors, in which the microorganisms grow on a solid support, such as wood chips or porous stones. Water is trickled through the reactor, whereas the exhaust air flows in the opposite direction. The bacteria digest the organic components and destroy odor-causing chemicals. Biofilters are applied in municipal wastewater treatment, food production, paint, paper, and timber industries or soil remediation. They provide an attractive alternative to thermal, chemical, and adsorptive processes for cost-effective treatment of air pollutants. 

We effectively ended the timber industry in the Southwest, Suckling boasts. And it was their arrogance that did them in. They could have settled things at the beginning, and we never would have gotten where we are today. They never saw it coming. ... 

The winding down of the timber industry in the Maine Woods initially led to opportunities for conservation of natural areas, according to an analysis by Sara A. Clark and Peter Howell, From Diamond International to Plum Creek The Era of Large Landscape Conservation in the Northern Forest, University of Maine, Margaret Chase Smith Policy Center (2007). 

The annual production of chromium (Cr) ores amounts to 10 million tons. Cr is used in the production of special steels in the metal-processing industry, for chromium coating in the galvanic industry, as a pigment and catalyst in the chemical industry, as a dye in the textile industry, for leather production in tanneries, and for the impregnation of products in the timber industry. The use of Cr-rich products has led to Cr accumulation in the environment. Local Cr exposure of soil and the environment can occur via sludge, water and air (Anke et al. 

Nowadays, our wood and furniture can be sourced from all over the world. Softwoods such as pine may come from the forests of northern Europe or Russia tropical hardwoods like teak and mahogany from Africa, Brazil, or Asia. Unfortunately, much of the global timber industry is currently unsustainable. Virgin forests are being clearcut, and plantations are much less valuable for wildlife than the forests they are replacing. Using wood carefully, without waste, is a way of treating this natural product with the respect it deserves. 

About 8o percent of all y-i,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohex-ane produced worldwide is used in agriculture, especially for treating soil and seeds. The wood and timber industries also use the product to protect trees from insects that attack them. In some places, y-i,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane is used as a spray to control the spread of mosquitoes. Veterinarians sometimes use the compound to treat or prevent fleas and other external parasites on animals. Gamma-1, 2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane is also a major ingredient of products used to treat head lice, scabies, and similar pests that infest body hair. 

For the removal of barks from logs in the timber industry ... 

Wood-dust. As recent priorities for the Work Environment Authority have included hypersensitivity and cunent priorities ixujlude a focus on the timber industry, wood dust has been of some concern. The strategy of ftie inspectorate towards compliance with... 

The considerable proto-industrial production of tar, pitch, saltpetre and potash declined during the 19th century. The change was attributed to at least three phenomena. First, demand for these products decreased abroad due to technological and economic changes. The transition from wooden to iron ships substantially reduced the consumption of tar. Second, synthetic products replaced traditional ones. Coal tar as a cheaper substitute for wood tar is a case in point. Saltpetre production methods used by Finnish peasants were not competitive with the more developed industrial processes applied abroad. Third, the Finns failed to modernize their proto-industrial processes and to industrialize their chemical production. However, some Finnish firms made attempts to distill tar from timber industrially in retort ovens. In 1900, sixteen factories were manufacturing tar, but their output was just a fraction of the quantity that traditional pits had been producing half a century earlier. 

Wood drying is an inevitable part of forest and timber industry and is also highly energy intensive. Wood drying is the removal of moisture from wood to make it suitable for use in building and construction and for making furniture. The objective is to minimize movement in wood in service. The moisture content of wood is reduced to equilibrium moisture content of the surrounding environment where wood will eventually be used. 

The authors would like to thank the Malaysian Timber Industry Board (MTTB) for funding the project, Malayan Adhesive and Chemicals (M) Sdn. Bhd. for providing the PF and UF resins and Business Esprit Sdn. Bhd. for the use of plywood processing facilities. 

The involvement of renewable resources in production of chemicals is one of the pillars of green chemistry. Russia has the world s largest forest reserves, situated mainly in the north of Russia, in Siberia and Far East. The timber industry is very important for Russia and could be used as a platform to start green technologies, and therefore the GCE in these regions makes emphasis on biomass transformation. 

The powerful industries of fuel and energy, mining and smelting, as well as timber industry complexes are situated in the Russian North and Siberia Regions. Many of them use obsolete technologies, which are not consistent with modern environmental demands. For these reasons the pollution of soil, water and air is characteristic for huge territories, not to mention ample solid wastes that are usually stored in piles. 

Many research and educational institutions of Siberia participate in the development and realization of sustainable development of this region. Renewable forest resources provide a great potential for the development of Siberian economics. Recently, large-scale timber industry complex of Siberia was oriented to the export of industrial wood and timber. Now due to high transportation tariffs the export of industrial timber significantly fell down. 

World production of resorcinol in 1985 was around 25,000t. Resorcinol resins, obtained from resorcinol and formaldehyde, are used as special adhesives in the timber industry and as tackifiers, usually in combination with vinylpyridine latex for steel cord tires. 

Stoke JC (1979) Captafol dermatitis in the timber industry. 140. Contact Dermatitis 5 284-292... 

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