Menthol, menthone

Peppermint leaf Mentha piperita (Lamiaceae) Menthol, menthone... 

Mentha arvensis L. M. haplocalyx Briq. China Menthol, menthone, menthyl acetate.33 Stimulate gastrointestinal tract motility and central nervous system, dilate peripheral blood vessels. Increase sweat gland secretion. 

N.A. Menthol, menthone, menthyl acetate, camphene, limonene, terpenoids." Treat colds, sore throats, sore mouth. 

Mentha spicata L. M. x piperita L. Menthol, menthone, isomenthone, pinene, myrcene, limonene, cineole, cymene, terpinene, carvone, luteolin."-100-107-130 Carminative, stomachic, mild antispasmodic, expectorant, antiseptic, and local anesthetic properties. 

Peppermint Mentha piperita (-)-Menthol, (-)-menthone (35), (-)-menthyl acetate (36) 95,100... 

In a long needed study of the amounts of reagents actually required, Hussey and Baker found that yields of ketones are improved considerably if only 20% excess dichromate is used (0.4 mole per mole of RjCHOH) and if sulfuric acid is taken in stoichiometric amount (1.33 moles). By adding the reagents in these amounts to a warm slurry of the alcohol in water, the following yields were realized 4-ethylcyclo-hexanol— 4-ethylcyclohexanone (90%) menthol—> menthone (94%). 

The model tests were carried out both iso-thermally (i.e. at constant temperature) and in temperature gradients (from warm to cold). Alcohols (e.g. ethanol, hexanol, octa-nol, decanol), aldehydes (e.g. decanal), ketones (e.g. diacetyl), acids (e.g. caproic acid), esters (e.g. ethyl acetate), terpenes (e.g. menthol, menthone, 6-pinene, limonene), amines (e.g. butyl amine), pyrazines and other classes of substances have been investigated as flavouring substances [6,9,11,13-18]. Fig. 5.6 shows the forma-... 

Lane 1 menthol, menthone lane 2 menthyl acetate, menthofuran lanes 3- 8 peppermint oils from different manufacturers... 

Aluminium isopropoxide is a Lewis acid and it is also a good catalyst for the Oppenauer oxidation and Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley reduction reactions. In the presence of a ketone, it will oxidise d-isomenthol to d-isomenthone (Oppenauer oxidation). The hydrogen atom on C-4 is now enolisable and therefore epimerisation can occur, catalysed by the aluminium isopropoxide acting as a Lewis acid. This will give /-menthone. This can now be reduced (Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley reduction) to /-menthol by an alcohol and aluminium isopropoxide. The ketone and alcohol for the redox reactions could be the menthols/ menthones themselves or traces of acetone/isopropanol in the aluminium isopropoxide. Obviously, the reactions shown in Figure 4.28 are all reversible. The equilibrium will eventually be driven over completely to /-menthol since the latter is the most thermodynamically favoured of all of the isomeric components in the system. 

Carbon dioxide Menthol Menthone glycerin acetal Menthyl lactate J-Menthyl lactate cooling agent, liniments Menthol... 

Phytochemistry Aboveground parts contain essential oil with menthol, menthone, carvacrol, and pulegone (Khalmatov 1964 Gulluce et al. 2007). Thirty-seven componnds were characterized representing 97 % of the total components detected. The major constituents of the oil were trans-piperitone oxide (64.51 %) and piperitenone oxide (12.34 % Baser et al. 1997a). The seeds contain a variety of different fatty acids (Gusakova et al. 1976). 

Phytochemistry The plant contains essential oil composed of pulegone, pinene, menthol, menthone, isomenthone, alcohols, and other substances. The seeds and leaves contain carotenoids and lipids. The flowers contain terpenes (Khalmatov... 

In corn mint oil, the principal congeneric group is composed of terpene alicyclic secondary alcohols, ketones, and related esters, as represented by the presence of (-)-menthol, (-)-menthone, (+)-isom-enthone, (-)-menthyl acetate, and other related substances. Samples of triple-distilled commercial... 

Carvone, pulegone, menthol, menthone, menthylacetate Pulegone, p-caryophyllene. Isomenthol, limonene Menthone, pulegone, iso menthone... 

Secondary alicyclic saturated and unsaturated alcohol/ketone/ ketal/ester (e.g., menthol, menthone, isomenthone, menthyl acetate)... 

Some twenty different constituents have been found in American peppermint oil, including menthol, menthone, menthyl acetate, cineol, amyl alcohol, pinene, 1-limonene, phellandrene, dimethyl sulx)hide, menthyl isovalerianate, isovalerianic aldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, and isovalerianic acid. 

---