Memory loss dysfunction

Alzheimer disease, which involves memory loss and other forms of cognitive dysfunction, is two to three times more common in women than in men after the age of 65 (Sherwin, 1996). In addition, women who have used estrogen during the postmenopausal women are less likely to develop Alzheimer disease. The amount and duration of estrogen... 

The primary approach currently used to detect and characterize potential neurotoxicants involves the use of animal models, particularly rodents. Behavioral and neurophysiological tests, often similar to the ones used in humans, are typically administered. The sensitivity of these measures to neurotoxicant exposure is widely accepted. Although it is often not possible to test toxicant effects on some higher behavioral functions in animals (e.g., verbal ability, cognitive flexibility), there are other neurobehavioral outcomes such as memory loss, motivational defects, somatosensory deficits, and motor dysfunction that can be successfully modeled in rodents. These behaviors are based on the ability of the nervous system to integrate multiple inputs and outputs, thus they cannot be modeled adequately in vitro. Although the bulk of neurotoxicity data has been collected in rodents, birds and primates are also used to model human behavioral outcomes. 

Ginkgo has also been studied for its effects in allergic and asthmatic bronchoconstriction, erectile dysfunction, tinnitus and hearing loss, short-term memory loss in healthy nonelderly adults, and macular degeneration. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials for chronic tinnitus suggests an improvement with up to 3 months of use. In all of these miscellaneous conditions, with the exception of tinnitus, the evidence is insufficient to warrant clinical use at this time. 

Despite Sackeim s vigorous opposition to my views over the past many years, his study (Sackeim et al., 2007) cited my 1986 scientific article Neuropathology and Cognitive Dysfunction From ECT published in the Psychopharmacology Bulletin, noting that critics contend that ECT invariably results in substantial and permanent memory loss. ... 

Advocates of ECT are well aware that shock patients suffer from anosognosia and denial and therefore cannot fully report the extent of their memory losses and mental dysfunction. Yet these same advocates claim that patients exaggerate their post-ECT problems. 

Topical p-blockers have been associated with adverse central nervous system (CNS) effects, including depression, emotional lability, and sexual dysfunction. Complaints of lethargy, lightheadedness, weakness, fetigue, mental depression, dissociative behavior, and memory loss are most common. The onset of symptoms varies from a few days to months after initiation of therapy. In most cases these symptoms are mild and transient. In certain patients, however, timolol must be discontinued. 

In humans, the acute symptoms of ASP caused by domoic acid include vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, severe headache, and loss of short-term memory. In some cases, confusion, memory loss, disorientation, and even coma are reported. In addition, seizures and myoclonus are observed acutely. Permanent neurologic sequelae, especially cognitive dysfunction, were reportedly most likely in persons who developed neurologic illness within 48 h, males, in older patients (>60 years), and in younger persons with pre-existing illnesses such as diabetes, chronic renal disease, and hypertension with a history of transient ischemic attacks. The first human cases of ASP were identified after an outbreak in Prince Edward Island, Canada since then, there have been cases of ASP in marine mammals and birds in the Pacific Northwest of the United States and Canada. 

Malec (1982) reported that 21 out of 24 SCI patients with spasticity who had tried cannabis found it had alleviated their symptoms. A recent survey of MS patients in the UK and USA found that between 30% and 97% experienced relief in symptoms with cannabis, depending on the particular symptoms (Consroe et al. 1997). In descending order of improvement, these were spasticity, chronic pain, acute paroxysmal phenomena, tremor, emotional problems, anorexia/weight loss, fatigue states, double vision, sexual dysfunction, bowel and bladder symptoms, vision dimness, difficulty with walking and balance, and memory loss. 

Cognitive Memory loss, loss of vigilance, disorientation, cognitive dysfunction... 

Noise is a vicious stimulus, when people are exposed to noise for a long time, the noise may stimulate the central nervous system, cause autonomic nervous system dysfunction and with the excitement and inhibition of cerebral cortex out of balance and reflex abnormalities, some symptoms appear, such as dizziness, headache, tinnitus, dreamy, insomnia, nervousness, memory loss, distraction, and even mental disorder appears in severe cases (Tian Zhou 2010, Liu 1999). 

The adverse reactions reported in clinical studies affected the central nervous system and appeared to be dose related [268 ]. The most common were drowsiness, dizziness, vertigo, confusion, and slurred speech. Less common adverse reactions included tremor, memory loss, gait disturbances, and double vision. Retigabine reduces bladder contractility in experimental animals [269 ], and it is recommended that patients at risk of bladder dysfunction be identified. 

Chronic exposure to mercury vapor occurs in the workplace. The classic triad of symptoms involves the oral cavity (gingivitis, salivation, stomatitis), tremor, and psychological changes. Central nervous system symptoms observed in workers exposed to mercury vapor are termed erethism, which includes insomnia, loss of appetite, pathological shyness, emotional lability, irritability, and memory loss. Renal dysfunction as determined by urinalysis has been observed in workers exposed to mercury vapor. Both glomerular (proteinuria) and tubular (enhanced excretion of tubular enzymes) effects have been reported. 

Schonburg et al. [84] note that many studies have shown that serious postoperative psycho-neurological dysfunction occurs in 2-8% of all patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. Less serious adverse outcomes apparently occur in up to 70% of cases [84, 85]. The latter include cognitive dysfunctions such as comprehension, attention and perception impairment, and memory loss [84, 85]. Although these outcomes are sometimes reversible, it can take patients several months to return to normal [86]. They have been attributed to microanboU, which are either gaseous or particulate, where the latter can presumably even include antifoam drops. 

Dementia An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness. [NIH]... 

The massive amyloid deposition in the form of parenchymal plaques and/or in cerebrovascular amyloid (cerebral amyloid angiopathy) is associated with neuronal loss and dysfunction. In particular the cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain, which are involved in the memory processes, are affected and neuron loss in these nuclei accounts for some of the AD symptoms. 

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