MCMV

Hill, A., Kleijnen, M., Schust, D., Kosinowski, U., and Ploegh, H. (1996). Murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) encodes a 34 kDa glycoprotein, which binds to class IMHC molecules at the surface of infected cells. Abstract 410, Keystone Symposium on Cell Biology of Virus Entry, Replication and Pathogenesis. Santa Fe, NM. 

Figure 2 shows a model/measurement comparison from a butenedial photolysis experiment in the absence of NOx. The loss of butenedial is well predicted by MCMvS.l. However, the HO2 concentration is over-estimated by MCMv3.1 by almost an order of magnitude during the early part of the experiment. The time-dependent behaviour is also not well reproduced by the simulation as in the experiment an initial fast increase in concentration is followed by a slower linear increase until the chamber closes, while the simulation shows a fast rise followed by a fall in the HO2 concentration even while the photolysis continues. The photolysis mechanism for butenedial in the absence of NOx as implemented in MCMvS.l is shown schematically in Figure 4. This indicates fliat two HO2 radicals should be formed for each molecule of maleic anhydride and glyoxal produced, and while both these product concentrations are over-estimated this is not sufficient to account for the large over-prediction ofH02.

Figure 8. Sehematic of MCMvS.l peroxide bieyelie route for toluene oxidation and postulated OH regeneration pathway.

The detailed oxidation mechanisms of aromatic hydrocarbons in the MCM have been revised and updated based on the latest available experimental data and is available via the MCM website ( http //mcm.leeds.ac.uk/MCMl as MCMvS.l. A series of chamber experiments were carried out to investigate the details of key areas of aromatic oxidation mechanisms, and these were primarily focused on toluene oxidation (Bloss et al, 2005b). 

Comparison of modelled and measured concentrations Irom photosmog experiments on y-dicarbonyls indicated a number of shortcomings in the mechanisms. NO2 concentrationtime profiles are poorly simulated for all experiments, and the differences between experiments under different initial conditions are not well represented. It is clear that the NOxy budget is not well understood. The simulated HOx concentrations are significantly lower than the observed values and it seems that a large radical source is missing from the mechanism. However, very low HO2 radical concentrations were measured in y-dicarbonyl photolysis experiments in the absence of NOx, these measured concentrations were much lower than HO2 concentrations simulated by MCMvS.l. These important issues remain unresolved. 

Bloss, C., V. Wagner, A. Bonzanini, M.E. Jenkin, K. Wirtz, M. Martin-Reviejo and M.J. PiUing Evaluation of detailed aromatie mechanisms (MCMv3 and MCMvS.l) against environmental chamber data., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, (2005a) 623-639. 

Evaluation of the Detailed Tropospheric Chemical Mechanism, MCMvS... 

NK natural killer CTL cytotoxicT lymphocyte TDAR T-dependent antibody response MCMV murine cytomegalovirus MZB cells marginal zone B cells TIAR T-independent antibody response. 

Murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) latent viral reactivation assay ... 

The therapeutic agent should be further tested in the murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) latent virus reactivation model if results from the influenza host resistance assay indicate a decreased functional activity for either NK, CTL, or TDAR, or a decrease in CD4+ cells as observed by immunopheno-typing. The MCMV latent virus reactivation model is discussed in detail below. The test article should be tested in the Streptococcus pneumoniae systemic model for encapsulated bacteria if immunophenotyping or histopathology, done in conjunction with the influenza host resistance model, reveals a decrease in the number of marginal zone B (MZB) cells. MZB cells are critical in host defense against bloodborne encapsulated bacteria and this host resistance assay is discussed in detail below. 

Murine Cytomegalovirus (MCMV) Latent Virus Reactivation Model... 

P-Carboline Brevicollin (24), 6-Canthinone (25), Harmine (26), Harmane (27), Harmol (28) About 26 families SV, MCMV Late protein synthesis Viral replication [11]... 

Phyllanihus amarus, P. orbiculatus, P. Pseudoconami, P. urinari HBV MCMV.SV mRNA transcription [140- 142] [11]... 

Croton cuneatus, C. lechleri, C. palanostigma, C. trinitatis SV, MCMV Virucidal [11]... 

Bender B, Georgel P, Rutschmann S et al 2005 Genetic analysis of innate resistance to mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV). Brief Funct Genomic Proteomic 4 203—213 Carninci P, Kasukawa T, Katayama S et al 2005 The transcriptional landscape of the mammalian genome. Science 309 1559—1563... 

The critical role NK cells play in the control of infection with viruses is well-recogni2ed (French Yokoyama 2003). In the murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) model, susceptibility to lethal infection can be overcome by a dominant allele at... 

Scalsp In the case of MCMV we find quite a lot of genetic variation in some immune evasion genes. This results in differences in the immune response and how the virus escapes from different arms of the innate and adaptive immune response. 

UL78 is an orphan TTM receptor, with sequence and/or positional homologs present in MCMV (M78), RCMV (R78),THV (T78) (30%) HHV6 (U51) and HHV7 (U5D (Table 1... 

B-heroesvirus UL33 unknown Constitutive signaling Replication in the MCMV (M33)... 

UL78 unknown Viral replication Viral replication MCMV (M78)... 

MCMV MCK1/2 unknown Agonist Pro-inflammatory RCMVrISI ... 

---