Mast cell 80-induced histamine release

Figure 4.10. Dose-relationships for histamine release from rat mast cells induced by a variety of peptides [99], No calcium was added to the extracellular medium. Each point is the mean of two or more determinations A, poly(L-lysine) (molecular weight 30.000-70,000) , succinylated poly(L-lysine) (molecular weight 30,000-70f)00) V, [n-Phe7 )SP , fD-Prcr2, D-Phe7, D-Trpv]SP, u , SP/ A, eledoisin-related peptide , eledoisin O, N-terminal tetrapeptide of substance P.

Mechanisms of Complement Activation. Complement is a major mediator of the inflammatory response. Complement recruits and enlists the participation of humoral and cellular effector systems, induces histamine release from mast cells and directs migration of leukocytes (chemotaxis), in addition to producing phagocytosis and the release of lysosomal constituents from phagocytes. 

ZO205 Toda, S., M. Kimura, M. Ohnishi, and K. Nakashima. Effect of Chinese herbal medicine saiboku-to on histamine release from and the degranulation of mouse peritoneal mast cells induced by compound 48/80. J Ethno-pharmacol 1988 24(2/3) 303—309. 

Another study described the CGRP-induced histamine release from dural mast cells that could be blocked by CGRP(8-37) (Ottoson and Edvinsson, 1997). Therefore... 

Bent, S., Fehling, U., Braam, U., Schmutzler, W., 1991. The influence of Hi, H2- and H3-receptors on the spontaneous and ConA induced histamine release from human adenoidal mast cells. Agents Actions 33, 67-70. 

Newball, H.H., Donlon, M.A., Procell, L.R., Helgeson, E.A., Franz, D.R. (1986). Organophosphate-induced histamine release from mast cells. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 238 839-46. 

Toyoguchi T, Ebihara M, Ojima F, Hosoya J, Shoji T, Nakagawa Y. Histamine release induced by antimicrobial agents and effects of antimicrobial agents on vancomycin-induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2000 52(3) 327-31. 

Zinc prevents induced histamine release from mast cell (14). It is believed that this effect of zinc is attributable to its action on the cell membrane. Platelets are also affected by zinc ions. Collagen-induced aggregation of dog platelets and collagen or epinephrine-induced release of C-serotonin were significantly inhibited by zinc (14). Supplementation of zinc in dogs effectively decreased aggragability of platelets as well as the magnitude of C-serotonin release. 

Cathelicidins and defensins induce histamine release from mast cells [182-184]. Human BD-2, -3 and -4 and a-defensins recruit monocytes, T cells (memory and naive) and immature dendritic cells [185-188] Cathelicidins (bovine, human, mouse and pig) are chemotactic for several subsets of peripheral blood cells in vitro [178,189] and in vivo [190]. For example, CRAMP (Cathelin-related antimicrobial peptide, the murine orthologue of human cathelicidin/LL-37), like LL-37, was chemotactic for human monocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, and for mouse peripheral blood leukocytes in vitro and in vivo [189]. These results suggest that host defense peptides recruit innate and adaptive immune cells for protective cellular and humoral responses to pathogens. 

Lowman, M.A., Benyon, R.C. and Church, M.K. (1988b). Characterization of neuropeptide-induced histamine released fixrm human dispersed skin mast cells. Br. J. Pharmacol. 95, 121-130. 

T Tsuruga, Y Ebizuka, J Nakajima, YT Chun, H Noguchi, Y litaka, U Sankawa. Biologically active constituents of Magnolia salicifolia Inhibitors of induced histamin release from rat mast cells. Chem Pharm Bull 39 3265-3271, 1991. 

Acute and chronic viral hepatitis are associated with a myriad of extrahep-atic tissue injuries, not all of which are directly related to the cytotoxic effects of HBV and HCV [35, 36], These include skin rashes and urticarial reactions in about 5% of patients with viral hepatitis [37 10], We investigated the possibility that protein Fv purified from patients suffering from HCV infection can activate basophils and mast cells purified from human lung and skin tissues. We found that protein Fv purified from stool extracts of patients with HCV infection induced histamine release from human basophils [32, 41]. Interestingly, the histamine-releasing activity of protein Fv was superimposible with its immunoglobulin-binding property (fig. 2). 

We asked whether protein A and S. aureus Cowan 1, a strain that synthesizes protein A, can release proinflammatory mediators from basophils and mast cells. We found that both S. aureus Cowan 1 and soluble protein A increased histamine release from human basophils [70]. S. aureus Wood 46, which lacks protein A, did not stimulate histamine release [71]. These results suggest that protein A mediates the Staphylococcus-induced activation of basophils. Skin and lung are involved in S. aureus infection [62-64], It was therefore of interest to examine the effect of protein A on tissue mast cells. S. aureus Cowan 1 and soluble protein A effectively induced histamine release from both human lung and skin mast cells [72],... 

The histamine release in the brain, and perhaps other sites, involves exocytosis, as this potassium-induced release is a calcium-dependent process. Histamine is released by many factors. For example, histamine is released by numer-ons drugs including reserpine, codeine, meperidine, hydralazine, morphine, d-tnbocurarine, dextrans, papaverine, and compound 48/80. However, the different histamine storage sites show certain degrees of specificity. For example, the histamine in mast cells is not released following potassium-induced depolarization or by reserpine, factors that release histamine from nenrons. Conversely, compound 48/80, which releases histamine from mast cells, is not able to release histamine from nenrons. 

In the search for potential antiallergic compounds, the inhibition of ConA-induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells has been measured as a monitor in separation and fractionation of active compounds [91]. On the basis of this in vitro test, ilexosides A, B, C and D (66-69), four novel 18,19-seco-ursane glycosides isolated from Ilex crenata... 

UNTOWARD EFFECTS Among the hypersensitivity reactions produced by vancomycin are rashes and anaphylaxis. Chills and fever may occur. Rapid intravenous infusion may cause erythematous or urticarial reactions, flushing, tachycardia, and hypotension. The extreme flushing that can occur is called red-neck or red-man syndrome. This results from a direct toxic effect of vancomycin on mast cells to induce histamine release. 

KANOH, R., HATANO, T., ITO, H., YOSHIDA, T., AKAGl, M., Effects of tannins and related polyphenols on superoxide-induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells, Phytomedicine, 2000, 7, 297-302. 

Kuwae, T., Shiota, Y., Schmid, PC., Krebsbach, R., Schmid, H.Fl.O., 1999. Biosynthesis and turnover of anandamide and other A-acylethanolamines in peritoneal macrophages. FEBS Lett. 459, 123-127. Lau, A.H. and Chow, S.S., 2003. Effects of cannabinoid receptor agonists on immunologically induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 464, 229-235. 

Figure 2. Concentration-response relationship for Ca and antigen-induced histamine release from rat mast cells (39)...

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