Mass spectrometry samples blood

Several methods are available for the analysis of trichloroethylene in biological media. The method of choice depends on the nature of the sample matrix cost of analysis required precision, accuracy, and detection limit and turnaround time of the method. The main analytical method used to analyze for the presence of trichloroethylene and its metabolites, trichloroethanol and TCA, in biological samples is separation by gas chromatography (GC) combined with detection by mass spectrometry (MS) or electron capture detection (ECD). Trichloroethylene and/or its metabolites have been detected in exhaled air, blood, urine, breast milk, and tissues. Details on sample preparation, analytical method, and sensitivity and accuracy of selected methods are provided in Table 6-1. 

Ashley DL, Bonin MA, Cardinali FL. 1992. Determining volatile organic compounds in human blood from a large sample population by using purge and trap gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 64 1021-1029. 

The progress made in interfacingHPLC instruments with mass spectrometry has been a significant development for laboratory analyses in the pharmaceutical industry. The low concentrations of test drugs in extracts of blood, plasmas, serums, and urine are no problem for this highly sensitive HPLC detector. In addition, the analysis is extremely fast. Lots of samples with very low concentrations of the test drugs can thus be analyzed in a very short time. At the MDS Pharma Services facility in Lincoln, Nebraska, for example, a very busy pharmaceutical laboratory houses over 20 LC-MS units, and they are all in heavy use daily. 

Koal, T., Burhenne, H., Romling, R., Svoboda, M., Resch, K., and Kaever, V., Quantification of antiretroviral drugs in dried blood spot samples by means of liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 19(21), 2995-3001, 2005. 

Selected methods for the analysis of ethylbenzene in various matrices are given in Table 1. Ethylbenzene can be determined in biological material (blood, subcutaneous fat, plant foliage, fish samples) using head-space gas chromatography (GC), GC with mass spectrometry, and GC with flame ionization detection (WHO, 1996a). 

There are proficiency testing programs that are geared toward clinical sensitivity or specificity by seeking to determine whether a disease can be detected versus other types of controls that are use to test sensitivity, selectivity, and most importantly, reproducibility and precision. With mass spectrometry, the controls are and should be no different than those used for other assays, with one interesting exception. Quality assurance materials prepared for MS/MS may not be useful in other assays that are less selective. The example is newborn screening where quality assurance/control QA/QC materials have a mixture of compounds present in the blood specimens. However, in less selective immunoassays, the mixture creates interferences. In addition, material is used to spike a blood sample is key and one should ensure there is no enzyme activity. We have encountered such a problem with a d/1 mixture of metabolites where one form was degraded in the prepared blood. 

It may not be possible to detect GHB and related compounds with common urine or serum (body fluid) tests. In cases where an unused portion of the drug cannot be recovered, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (a high-technology instrument that separates a chemical mixture and identifies its composition) can be used to detect GHB and related compounds from a sample of serum, plasma, blood, or urine. 

Biological samples (plasma, serum, blood, and urine) are very complex. They contain a wide variety of matrix components such as proteins, lipids, and salts. To quantify trace amount of analytes (e.g., drug and its metabolites) in complex biological samples by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), the samples should be properly treated prior to being injected onto an LC-MS instrument,... 

Impact of Sampling Paper/Cards on Bioanalytical Quantitation via Dried Blood Spots by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry... 

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