Electrospray FTICR mass spectrometry

Different mass analysers can be combined with the electrospray ionization source to effect analysis. These include magnetic sector analysers, quadrupole filter (Q), quadrupole ion trap (QIT), time of flight (TOF), and more recently the Fourrier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass analysers. Tandem mass spectrometry can also be effected by combining one or more mass analysers in tandem, as in a triple quadrupole or a QTOF. The first analyzer is usually used as a mass filter to select parent ions that can be fragmented and analyzed by subsequent analysers. 

DGE a AC AMS APCI API AP-MALDI APPI ASAP BIRD c CAD CE CF CF-FAB Cl CID cw CZE Da DAPCI DART DC DE DESI DIOS DTIMS EC ECD El ELDI EM ESI ETD eV f FAB FAIMS FD FI FT FTICR two-dimensional gel electrophoresis atto, 10 18 alternating current accelerator mass spectrometry atmospheric pressure chemical ionization atmospheric pressure ionization atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization atmospheric pressure photoionization atmospheric-pressure solids analysis probe blackbody infrared radiative dissociation centi, 10-2 collision-activated dissociation capillary electrophoresis continuous flow continuous flow fast atom bombardment chemical ionization collision-induced dissociation continuous wave capillary zone electrophoresis dalton desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization direct analysis in real time direct current delayed extraction desorption electrospray ionization desorption/ionization on silicon drift tube ion mobility spectrometry electrochromatography electron capture dissociation electron ionization electrospray-assisted laser desorption/ionization electron multiplier electrospray ionization electron transfer dissociation electron volt femto, 1CT15 fast atom bombardment field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry field desorption field ionization Fourier transform Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance... 

In 1974, Comarisov and Marshall60 developed Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS). This technique allows mass spectrometric measurements at ultrahigh mass resolution (R = 100000-1000000), which is higher than that of any other type of mass spectrometer and has the highest mass accuracy at attomole detection limits. FTICR-MS is applied today together with soft ionization techniques, such as nano ESI (electrospray ionization) or MALDI (matrix assisted laser/desorption ionization) sources. 

In recent years the application of electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry, quadrupole time-of-flight (QqTOF) mass spectrometry, and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) are used for further structural characterization of DOM (Kujawinski et al., 2002 Kim et al., 2003 Stenson et al., 2003 Koch et al., 2005 Tremblay et al., 2007 Reemtsma et al., 2008). MS/MS capabilities provide the screening for selected ions, and FT-ICR allows exact molecular formula determination for selected peaks. In addition, SEC can be coupled to ESI and FTICR-MS to study different DOM fractions. Homologous series of structures can be revealed, and many pairs of peaks differ by the exact masses of -H2, -O, or -CH2. Several thousand molecular formulas in the mass range of up to more than 600 Da can be identified and reproduced in element ratio plots (O/C versus H/C plots). Limitations of ESI used by SEC-MS are shown by These and Reemtsma (2003). 

Bioaffinity Screening using Electrospray FTICR Mass Spectrometry, 601... 

Figure 13.11. Bioaffinity electrospray FTICR mass spectrometry. The isolation and mass spectrometricidentificationof receptor-specific ligands are carried out entirely in the mass spectrometer without chromatography or other separation steps.

X Cheng, R Chen, JE Bruce, BL Schwartz, GA Anderson, HSA Ofstadler, DC Gale, RD Smith, J Gao, GB Sigal, M Mammen, GM Whitesides. Using electrospray ionization FTICR mass spectrometry to study competitive binding of inhibitors to carbonic anhydrase. J Am Chem Soc 117 8859-8860, 1995. 

G.M. Using Electrospray Ionization FTICR Mass Spectrometry to Study Competitive Binding of Inhibitors to Carbonic Anhydrase, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 117, 8859-8860 (1995). 

Figure 9.2 The basic components of a mass spectrometer. All mass spectrometers consist of an ion source linked to a mass analyser then to a detector. The important ion sources and mass analysers for biological mass spectrometry are listed. There are many other potential ion sources and mass analysers used generally in mass spectrometry, but only the indicated are of use in the analysis of biological macromolecules and amphiphilic lipids, and also in proteomics FAB fast atom bombardment MALDI matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization ESI electrospray ionization ToF time of flight FTICR fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance MS/MS tandem mass spectrometry.

Zhang, H., Cui, W., Wen, J., et al. (2011) Native electrospray and electron-capture dissociation FTICR mass spectrometry for top-down studies of protein assemblies. Anal Chem, 83 (14), 5598-5606. 

D. C. Muddiman, D. S. Wunschel, C. Liu, L. Pasa-Tolic, K. F. Fox, A. Fox, G. A. Anderson, and R. D. Smith, Rapid and precise characterization of PCR products from bacilli using electrospray ionization FTICR mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 68, 3705-3712 (1996). 

Muddiman DC, Wunschel DS, Liu C, et al. (1996) Characterization of PCR products from bacilli using electrospray ionization FTICR mass spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry 68 3705-3712. 

Detection of double-stranded PCR amplicons at the attomol level electrosprayed from low nanomolar solutions using FTICR mass spectrometry. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 369, 246 251. 

In addition to H and NMR analysis, TLC coupled in an offline manner with electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and high-resolution ESI Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) MS for isolation and characterization of two novel lupane triterpenoids from Paullinia pinnata L. 6P-(3 -methoxy-4 -hydroxybenzoyl)-lup-20(29)-ene-one and 6P-(3 -methoxy-4 -hydroxybenzoyl)-lup-20(29)-ene-ol, which are suspected to play a crucial role in the plant s wound healing effects [32]. The extract from Paullinia pinnata L. was subjected to an exhaustive isolation procedure starting with two consecutive column chromatography purifications on silica gel different ratios of chloroform-methanol were used as eluent. The triterpenoid-containing fraction was purified on preparative silica gel TLC plate with chloroform-methanol (9 1, v/v) as a developing solvent. The two resulting lupane bands were finally submitted to MS analyses. 

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