Masonry Mortars

Sarp Tuncoku, S., E. N. Caner-Saltik, and H. Boke (1998), Pozzolanic properties of some medieval masonry mortars, 31st Int. Symp. Archaeometry Abstracts, Budapest, pp. 139-142. 

Ritchie, T., Effect of Restraining Forces on the Expansion of Masonry Mortars,/Water/-... 

The use of granulated polymeric waste materials as aggregate and filler in masonry mortar and outdoor plasters is not only a method of recycling but also a technique which results in advantages for the mortars and plasters, e.g. ... 

Most countries have their own specifications for sand used in mortars. In Europe, work is well in hand to produce a standard (see section 8.8.1). In the UK, the relevant standards are BS 1199 (for plastering and rendering mortars) [8.13] and BS 1200 (for masonry mortars) [8.14]. Sands for floor screeds are specified in BS 882 [8.2] and in BS 1199 [8.13]. 

Hydrated lime should be substantially free of grit and have an acceptable fineness. The amount of free water should be limited to less than 2 %, and preferably to below 1 %, so that they can be handled without difficulty. For particular applications (e.g. masonry mortar), it should be sound and produce mortars with acceptable properties. Some of the requirements of EN 459 for hydrates used in building are summarised in Table 26.2. 

The dry hydrate is more convenient to handle than the milk of lime produced by the carbide to water wet generation processes (see section 22.9). While it may be less pure than many commercial hydrates, it is used for the production of masonry mortar, acid neutralisation, water purification and water treatment. It has also been calcined to regenerate quicklime for recycling to the carbide furnace [20.2,20.18]. 

Before considering the practical and technical aspects of masonry mortars, it is appropriate to review their development, which has led to the present-day specifications for mortars and their components. 

A draft European Standard prEN 998-2 [26.28], classifies masonry mortars into categories, based on compressive strength. It is also specifies the quality of the component materials. Table 26.5 summarises the relationship between the mix proportions of the four weaker classes, which may contain lime. 

The practices described in section 26.6.5 for masonry mortar are appropriate for external rendering mortar. As uniformity of appearance is important in rendered finishes, particular care is necessary to ensure that the materials and proportions are consistent throughout a particular job. 

Chem. Descrip. Olefin sulfonate, sodium salt Uses Surfactant air entraining agent, plasticizer for building materials, plasters, textured decorative coatings, masonry mortars, gypsum- and cement-based prods. 

Ritchie, T. 1955. Study of efflorescence produced on ceramiwicks by masonry mortars. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 38 362 366. 

Sand. Standard Specification for Aggregate for Masonry Mortar (ASTM C 144), Federal Specification SS-A-281B(1), paragraph 3.1. 

There are studies in which the mechanical strength of the M7,5 mortar subjected to high temperatures was determined. These studies shows that the masonry mortar specimens tested M7,5 follow a process of degradation compared to a similarly high standard mortar temperatures, although it should be noted that at 600 °C they still have 60% of its compressive strength on the other hand at 900 C they crumble. 

The stone masonry mortar mixture illustrated in Table 2 is calculated to have a cost per cubic yard (27 ft ) of 3.93. Table 3 illustrates the cost impact of using alternative mixes composed entirely of natural cement binder and Ume binder, respectively. 

TABLE 3—Cost impact in the 1850s of using natural cement, lime, and natural cementdime binders in masonry mortars. 

TABLE 4—Masonry mortar recipes from the mid-19lh century for three seacoast fortification applications. 

The process begins with raking of the masonry mortar joints to a depth of in.. Dust and debris were then washed away and the walls were predampened. Contaminated surfaces were to be scored with an axe. Stucco was then prepared in a fluid, workable consistency, and was applied in two hfts. The first lift was intended to fill the raked masonry joints and to provide a thin base-coat over the masonry surface. The second coat was installed over the soft base coat to a depth of j in. and was immediately finished. The stucco was then cured for several days. The stucco recipe in Table 6 is cited ... 

Walker, D. and Gutschick, K., Why Use Lime-Cement Mortar , Mortar How To Use and Specify Masonry Mortar, Aberdeen s Magazine of Masonry Construction, Addison, IL 1990 10-11. 

Note 1—Fjcamples of typical past uses of natural cement iaclude unit masonry mortar, cement iaster, grout, lime-wa, and concrete. 

In the vast majority of these constructions, natural cement either solely, or in combination with lime, was used in masonry mortars, early concretes, and stuccos. Changes, however, were imminent. 

By the turn of the 20th century, portland cement was becoming the dominant technology in this country, and masonry mortars based on portland cement and lime became the most frequently used materials (Fig. 2). This was due, in part, to the higher strength that was achieved using portland cement, and the shorter time required to achieve it, compared with natural cement. 

Chemically, the presence of high magnesium carbonate content in the vast majority of American cement rock necessitated firing at relatively low temperatures, and produced cements that were slower to set, softer, and lower in modulus of elasticity [21]. In terms of performance, this is significant, peimitting the effective and durable use of American natural cements in masonry mortar and stucco, even without lime addition. 

Arch Box action Deep rejointing Diaphragm Dome Eoundation Grouting Masonry Mortar Repair and strengthening Stitching Ties Vault... 

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