Maritime Security

As the nation s primary maritime law enforcement service, the Goast Guard enforces or assists in enforcing federal laws, treaties, and other international agreements on the high seas and waters under U.S. jurisdiction. They possess the authority to board any vessel subject to U.S. jurisdiction to make inspections, searches, inquiries, and arrests. The Coast Guard wields 

Coast Guard alien migrant interdiction operations are also law enforcement missions with a significant humanitarian dimension. Migrants typi- 

FIGURE 9-5. U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Gallatin and Helicopter on Drug Interdiction Patrol Off Florida. Courtesy of U.S. Coast Guard. 

4 Exclusive Economic Zone and Living Marine Resource Law/Treaty Enforcement 

---

HSPD - 13 Maritime Security Policy. Establishes policy guidelines to enhance national and homeland security by protecting U.S. maritime interests. 

Maritime security is also an integral part of IMO s responsibilities. A comprehensive security regime for international shipping went into effect on July 1, 2004. The mandatory security measures, initially adopted in December 2002, include a number of amendments to the 1974 SOLAS, the most far-reaching of which enshrines the new International Ship and Port Facihty Security (ISPS) Code, which contains detailed secirrity-related reqirirements for governments, port authorities, and shipping companies. 

The Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002 (MTSA) required the establishment of security regulations to increase the security of the nation s ports. These regulations are published under 33 CFR 101 (Maritime Security General), 33 CFR 103 (Maritime, Security Area Maritime Security), 33 CFR 104 (Maritime Security Vessels), 33 CFR 105 (Maritime Security Facilities), and 33 CFR 106 (Maritime Security Outer Continental Shelf Facilities), and are enforced by the U.S. Coast Guard. The purpose of these regulations is to ... 

Align requirements of domestic maritime security regulations with the international maritime security standards in the International Convention for Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 (SOLAS Chapter XI-2) and the International Code for the Security of Ships and of Port Facilities, parts A and B, adopted on 12 December 2002 ... 

Require assessments and plans intended for use in implementing security measures at various maritime security (MARSEC) levels. 

Increase security measures when there is a heightened alert (e.g., DHS Homeland Security Advisory System (HSAS), MTSA Maritime Security (MARSEC) Levels), a breach in security, or other suspicious activities. Develop a communications network to share best practices and lessons learned. 

Quantitative analysis of maritime security assessment in ISPS... 

Having identified the maritime security risk parameters and their corresponding linguistic variables, fuzzy IF-THEN rules with a belief structure can... 

A maritime security management framework, based on the above FuRBaR assessment method, can be developed downwards and upwards to model risk observation attributes and security control criteria, respectively. The proposed framework may consist of some major components listed below, which outline the necessary steps required for security management. 

The Merchant Shipping and Maritime Security Act (1997) contains miscellaneous amendments of the Merchant Shipping Act (1995) as well as extension of powers to deal with emergencies at sea, pollution control and marine safety and maritime security. The full text of the Act can also be found on the HMSO web site. 

Merchant Shipping and Maritime Security Act 1997 Minerals Workings (Offshore Installations) Act 1971 Noise at Work Regulations Offshore Safety Aet 1992 Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992 Petroleum Aet 1987... 

Chapter IX Management for the Safe Operation of Ships Chapter X Safety Measures for High-Speed Craft Chapter XI-1 Special Measures to Enhance Maritime Safety Chapter XI-2 Special Measures to Enhance Maritime Security Chapter XII Additional Safety Measures for Bulk Carriers... 

Yang, Z., Wang, J, Bonsall, S. and Fang, Q. (2009). Use of fuzzy evidential reasoning in maritime security assessment. Risk Analysis, 29, 95-120. 

Pristrom, S., Li, K.X., Yang, Z. Wang, J. 2013 A study of maritime security and piracy. Maritime Policy Management, 40, 675-693. 

US Maritime Security Expo (National Event on Protecting Ports, Harbours, Bridges, Power Plants New York, NY)... 

Chapter IX — Management for the safe operation of ships Chapter X — Safety measures for high-speed craft Chapter XI-1 — Special measures to enhance maritime safety Chapter XI-2 — Special measures to enhance maritime security Chapter XII — Additional safety measures for bulk carriers... 

---