Marigold, extracts

Marigold extract (lutein-xanthophylls) E 161b 10% lutein Lutein, vegetable oil Egg yellow Chicken feeds, pet foods... 

Park, J.S., Chew, B.P., and Wong, T.S., Dietary lutein from marigold extract inhibits mammary tumor development in BALB/c mice, J. Nutr., 128,1650,1998. 

Aztec marigold extract. See Tagetes (Tagetes erecta) extract... 

Calendula officinalis extract CAS 84776-23-8 EINECS/ELINCS 283-949-5 Synonyms Calendula extract Calendula officinalis Marigold extract Marigold flower extract... 

Synonyms Aztec marigold extract Marigold extract Tagetes erecta Targetes oil Tegetes erecta extract... 

Extraction of total xanthophyll esters from marigold in hydrocarbon solvent, removal of impurities and cis-isomers by alcohol washing and concentration of trans-esters... 

Marigold petals are rich sources of xanthophyUs, mainly lutein esters. To increase the coloring power, chemical extraction of the colorant from flower meal is performed or a new enzymatic procedure is applied. It was shown that treatment with cellulases or mixed saprophyte microorganisms or solid state fermentation improved the xanthophyll extraction yield. ... 

Barzana, E. et al.. Enzyme-mediated solvent extraction of carotenoids from marigold flower (Tagetes erecta), J. Agr. Food Chem., 50, 4491, 2002. 

Detailed information about carotenoids found in food or extracted from food and evaluated for their potential as food colorants appeared in Sections 4.2 and 6.2. We would like to mention some new data about the utilization of pure carotenoid molecules or extracts as allowed food additives. Looking to the list of E-coded natural colorants (Table 7.2.1), we can identify standardized colorants E160a through f, E 161a, and E161b as natural or semi-synthetic derivatives of carotenoids provided from carrots, annatto, tomatoes, paprika, and marigold. In addition, the extracts (powders or oleoresins) of saffron, - paprika, and marigold are considered more economical variants in the United States and European Union. 

Tyczkowski, J.K. and Hamilton, P.B., Preparation of purified lutein and its diesters from extracts of marigold (Tagetes erecta). Poultry ScL, 70, 651, 1991. 

The photochemiluminiscence (PCL) assay was initially used by Popov and others (1987). Popov and Lewin (1994 1996) have extensively studied this technique to determine water-soluble and lipid-soluble antioxidants. The PCL assay measures the antioxidant capacity, toward the 02 radical, in lipidic and water phase. This method allows the quantification of both the antioxidant capacity of hydrophilic and/or lipophilic substances, either as pure compounds or complex matrices from different origin synthetic, vegetable, animal, human, etc. The PCL method is based on an approximately 1,000-fold acceleration of the oxidative reactions in vitro by the presence of an appropriate photosensitizer. The PCL is a very quick and sensitive method. Chua and others (2008) used this assay to determine the antioxidant potential of Cin-namomum osmophloeum, whereas Kaneh and Wang and others (2006) determined the antioxidant capacity of marigold flowers. The antioxidant activity of tree nut oil extracts was also assessed by this method (Miraliakbari and Shahidi 2008). 

As its name suggests, supercritical fluid extraction (SEE) relies on the solubilizing properties of supercritical fluids. The lower viscosities and higher diffusion rates of supercritical fluids, when compared with those of liquids, make them ideal for the extraction of diffusion-controlled matrices, such as plant tissues. Advantages of the method are lower solvent consumption, controllable selectivity, and less thermal or chemical degradation than methods such as Soxhlet extraction. Numerous applications in the extraction of natural products have been reported, with supercritical carbon dioxide being the most widely used extraction solvent. However, to allow for the extraction of polar compounds such as flavonoids, polar solvents (like methanol) have to be added as modifiers. There is consequently a substantial reduction in selectivity. This explains why there are relatively few applications to polyphenols in the literature. Even with pressures of up to 689 bar and 20% modifier (usually methanol) in the extraction fluid, yields of polyphenolic compounds remain low, as shown for marigold Calendula officinalis, Asteraceae) and chamomile Matricaria recutita, Asteraceae). " ... 

Gong Y, Liu X, He W-H, Xu H-G, Yuan F, Gao Y-X. Investigation into the antioxidant activity and chemical composition of alcoholic extracts from defatted marigold (Ta-getes erecta L.) residue. Fitoterapia 2012 83 481-489. 

Marigold flower extract Zeaxanthin, lutein, lutein ester, their isomers Saponification with KOH, neutralization, extraction with ethyl ether Silica and P-cyclobond C-30 n-Hexane-ethyl acetate MeOH-MTBE HPLC/UV-vis (450 nm) MS/ESI(+) 46... 

Hadden WL, Watkins RH, Levy LW, Regalado E, Rivadeneira DM, van Breemen RB and Schwartz SJ, Carotenoid composition of marigold (Tagetes erecta) flower extract used as nutritional supplement. J Agric Food Chem 41 4189-4194 (1999). 

Extraction of food ingredients with a high content of essential oils, like cloves, camomille, marigold, cinnamon... 

Properties Extracted from the dried ground flower petals of the Aztec marigold Tagetes erecta L. Mp 53.5—55.0°. A permissible food additive used to increase the yellow color of the skin and eggs of poultry. 

Other phytochemicals which exhibit JH activity include juvadecene (1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyI)-fraws-3-decene) isolated from roots of the pepper-tree, Macropiper excelsum Miq. [110], thujic acid (5,5-dimethyl-1,3,6-cycloheptatrien-l-carboxylic acid) extracted from the heartwood of western red cedar, Thujaplicata [111] andtagetone((E)-2,6-dimethyl-5,7-octadien-4-one) from the marigold, Tagetes minuta L. [112], There have been numerous reports of juvenoid activity of plant extracts (Table 5) however, to our knowledge, the compound(s) responsible for this activity have not been isolated and characterized. 

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