Saprophytic microorganisms

Marigold petals are rich sources of xanthophyUs, mainly lutein esters. To increase the coloring power, chemical extraction of the colorant from flower meal is performed or a new enzymatic procedure is applied. It was shown that treatment with cellulases or mixed saprophyte microorganisms or solid state fermentation improved the xanthophyll extraction yield. ... 

Neutral interactions are found extensively in the rhizosphere of all crop plants. Saprophytic microorganisms are responsible for many vital soil processes, such as decomposition of organic residues in soil and associated soil nutrient mineralization/turnover processes. While these organisms do not appear to benefit or harm the plant directly (hence the tenn neutral), their presence is obviously vital for soil nutrient dynamics and their ab.sence would clearly influence plant health and productivity. 

Elgayyar, M., Draughon, F.A., Golden, D.A. and Mount, J.R. (2001) Antimicrobial activity of essential oils from plants against selected pathogenic and saprophytic microorganisms. Journal of Food Protection 64(7), 1019-1 024. 

Culture of saprophytic microorganisms with compositions is often facilitated by direct use of substrates derived from algae. Alternatively, specific metabolites or precursors prepared by organic synthetic methods may be added to the substrates of whatever yeasts, fungi, bacteria, etc. are desired. The techniques useful in many such growth experiments have been described (33). 

The simple nutritional requirements and metabolic adaptability of many common saprophytic spoilage microorganisms enable them to utilize many of the components of medicines as substrates for biosynthesis and growth, including not only the intended... 

Besides the aerobic microorganisms there are also anaerobic ones. These exist and multiply where no dissolved oxygen is present. Saprophytic bacteria produce organic acids and alcohols. The methane bacteria will then convert these compounds into cells plus carbon dioxide and methane. The methane may be recovered and binned as fuel. If any sulfur is present it will eventually be converted to H2S. 

The decomposition of tree leaves is not entirely confined to the litter layer on the forest floor. Leaves and needles are invaded by bacteria and fungi even as they grow these microorganisms may be either pathogens or saprophytes. ... 

The phenomenon of tolerance can be reversed by stimulating TLRs with PAMP molecules, which are structures of grouped microorganisms usually immune to mutations. Therefore, it is a mechanism which changes the anergy of T lymphocytes and tolerance to its own tissues and antigens, e.g., saprophytic bacteria into stimulation of the immune system. 

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