Manure management

Several practices have been suggested to reduce enteric CH4 emissions and emissions from wasfe. These include improving feeding practices, use of diefary supplemenfs, vaccines, improving livestock management, improving manure management, and production of biofuels. 

Shepherd, M., Philipps, L. Bhogal, A. (2000) Manure management on organic farms to compost or not to compost Proceedings of the 13th International IFOAM Scientific Conference, Basel, Switzerland, p. 50. 

Keywords climate change, enteric methane, GHG, livestock, manure management, modeling... 

Nitrous oxide emission from manure management... 

If all parts of the livestock production lifecycle are included, livestock are estimated to account for 18% of global anthropogenic emissions [57]. According to Gill and coworkers [57], apart from enteric fermentation and manure management, the other sources of GHG emission from livestock and related activities are fossil fuels used during feed and fertilizer production and transport of processed animal products. 

Chadwick D, Sommer S, Thorman R, Fangueiro D, Cardenas L, Amon B, Brook TM. Manure management implications for greenhouse gas emissions. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2011 166 514—531. 

Burton CH, Turner C (2003) Manure management, treatment strategies for sustainable agriculture. Silsoe Research Institute, Bedford... 

IPCC [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] 2001. Revised guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories. In Agriculture, Nitrous Oxide from Agricultural Soils and Manure Management. OECD, Paris. 

Reidy B, Rhirn B, Menzi H (2008) A new Swiss inventory of ammonia emissions from agriculture based on a survey on farm and manure management and farm-specific model calculations. Atmos Environ 42 3266-3276... 

The Food Alliance has both fixed standards, which specifically prohibit the use of feed additives or subtherapeutic antibiotics, growth hormones, and genetically modified stock, and scored standards, which focus on more particular practices such as feed production, pasture management, manure management, and animal pest management. The Animal Welfare Institute (AWI) has also setup operational standards called the Humane Husbandry Criteria that farmers who produce meat for companies such as Niman Ranch voluntarily implement in order to receive the AWI certification. 

The enviroTunental persistence of this pathogen suggests a potential role for manure management or other similar interventions to reduce... 

In Western Europe around 17% of methane (CH4) emissions come from animal excrement. Organic animal husbandry methods commonly use straw. This is less the case in conventional systems and mostly missing in intensive ones. Liquid manure management shows a great emission potential for methane and ammonia. Incorporating straw in manure diminishes emission risks significantly. 

Agricultural N2O emissions are projected to increase by 50-60 % up to 2030 due to increased nitrogen fertilizer use and increased animal manure production (Smith et al. 2007). Combined CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation and manure management will increase by 21 % between 2005 and 2020. 

Manure Management Systems with combined CH4 and N2O emissions in amounts equivalent to 25,000 metric tons C02e or more per year. 

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